Grating acuity of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)

Baker, A. G.; Emerson, Victor F.

doi:10.1016/0166-4328(83)90054-2

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The best threshold estimates for hens are greater than those reported for rodents such as gerbils: 1.5 to 2 c/deg (Baker & Emerson, 1983), tree squirrels: 3.9 (Jacobs, Birch, & Blakeslee, 1982), and rabbits: 2.5 (Van Hof, 1967). They are comparable to acuities reported for kittens (Mitchell, Giffen, Wilkinson, Anderson, & Smith, 1976), cats (Smith, 1936), sea lions (Schusterman & Balliet, 1971), 5-month-old human infants (Fantz, Ordy, & Udelf, 1962), and about one fifth of that reported for adult humans (Spence, 1934).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Discriminative Performance of the Domestic Hen in a Visual Acuity Task

Temple

1992

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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The performance of 6 domestic hens on a visual acuity task was studied using a spatial discrete-trial conditional discrimination procedure. Gray stimuli and vertical square-wave gratings, ranging in spatial frequency from 1 to 10 cycles per millimeter, were presented in a descending and ascending series of probes. On each trial, either a grating or gray stimulus was presented. Only one spatial frequency of grating was presented during each session. Between probe sessions, training continued at the coarsest grating value. Stimulus discriminability, measured as values of log d, changed with changes in grating spatial frequency for both probe series. Fitted lines described the linear portion of the psychometric functions. Thresholds estimated from the lines generally ranged from four to six cycles per degree, with slightly greater estimates from data from the descending probe series. There were no systematic changes in response bias as a function of grating spatial frequency.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Discriminative Performance of the Domestic Hen in a Visual Acuity Task

Temple

1992

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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“…The majority of the neurons in area 17 decreases their firing rates to counter-phase gratings and oppositely moving bars (Baker and Emerson, 1983; Qian and Andersen, 1995). In vitro experiments on the ferret visual cortex supragranular layers also show that simultaneous stimulation of cortical points separated by 500 μm or less generates net inhibition in neurons getting synaptic excitation from both stimulating points in these layers in between the stimulation sites (Tucker and Katz, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laminar firing and membrane dynamics in four visual areas exposed to two objects moving to occlusion

Harvey

Roland

2013

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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It is not known how visual cortical neurons react to several moving objects and how their firing to the motion of one object is affected by neurons firing to another moving object. Here we combine imaging of voltage sensitive dye (VSD) signals, reflecting the population membrane potential from ferret visual areas 17, 18, 19, and 21, with laminar recordings of multiunit activity, (MUA), when two bars moved toward each other in the visual field, occluded one another, and continued on in opposite directions. Two zones of peak MUA, mapping the bars' motion, moved toward each other along the area 17/18 border, which in the ferret maps the vertical meridian of the field of view. This was reflected also in the VSD signal, at both the 17/18 border as well as at the 19/21 border with a short delay. After some 125 ms at the area 19/21 border, the VSD signal increased and became elongated in the direction of motion in front of both of the moving representations. This was directly followed by the phase of the signal reversing and travelling back from the 19/21 border toward the 17/18 border, seemingly without respect for retinotopic boundaries, where it arrived at 150 ms after stimulus onset. At this point the VSD signal in front of the moving bar representations along the 17/18 border also increased and became elongated in the direction of object motion; the signal now being the linear sum of what has been observed in response to single moving bars. When the neuronal populations representing the bars were some 600 μm apart on the cortex, the dye signal and laminar MUA decreased strongly, with the MUA scaling to that of a single bar during occlusion. Despite a short rebound of the dye signal and MUA, the MUA after the occlusion was significantly depressed. The interactions between the neuronal populations mapping the bars' position, and the neurons in between these populations were, apart from 19/21 to 17/18 interaction, mainly lateral-horizontal; first excitatory and inducing firing at the site of future occlusion, then inhibitory just prior to occlusion. After occlusion the neurons that had fired already to the first bar showed delayed and prolonged inhibition in response to the second bar. Thus, the interactions that were particular to the occlusion condition in these experiments were local and inhibitory at short cortical range, and delayed and inhibitory after the occlusion when the bars moved further apart.

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“…However, the rod-dominated retina of the rat has limited its usefulness for evaluating the retinal photopic adaptive function. The gerbil is a small diurnal mammal reported to have better photopic vision than other rodents as it has a well-developed cone system: about 13% of its photoreceptors are cones15 and its acuity is about 2 cycles/degree 16. The gerbil retina consists of the same layers as the human retina 17.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%