Grasslands Maru Phalaris: Productive and Persistent in Hill Country

Stevens, '; Barker, J.D.Turner D.J.; Moloney, S. C.

doi:10.33584/jnzg.1989.50.1879

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A major advantage of subterranean clover is its coolseason growth, well ahead of comparative plots of lucerne over the same periods (Table 1, Smetham & Jack 1995) and superior to published rates of winter growth (4-15 kg DM/ha/d) for one of the most winter active of perennial grasses i.e. 'Grasslands Maru' phalaris (Stevens et al 1989). This pattern of growth fits in well with a midwinter lambing date.…”

Section: Research Results With Subterranean Clover Cultivarssupporting

confidence: 56%

Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum): its history and current and future research in New Zealand

Smetham¹

2003

NZGA R&P Series

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This review covers the history of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and its present occurrence in New Zealand; a review of research and conclusions to be drawn from this; and examines past and future research directions. Subterranean clover has been important in terms of area of use in New Zealand since the late 1930's. Today it makes a significant contribution to pasture production on steep, north-facing North Island hill country where effective rainfall is low, and in other areas where soil moisture drops below wilting point for between 2 weeks and 5 months of the year. Research has identified the superiority of cultivars possessing a compact, ground-hugging habit of growth, and flowering late, in late October - early November, for use in North Island hill country. In drier areas, more research is needed to identify superior cultivars, although there is evidence that lines in the mid-season or early mid-season flowering groups may be appropriate. A major problem for the use of subterranean clovers in New Zealand is the slow breakdown of hardseededness. About 7 M ha of land in New Zealand is mapped as being subject to slight to severe moisture deficit (an area which could with advantage support subterranean clover), but further research is needed to identify appropriate cultivars for 4.8 M ha or more of this area. Key words: history, New Zealand, research, Trifolium subterraneum

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Section: Research Results With Subterranean Clover Cultivarssupporting

confidence: 56%

Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum): its history and current and future research in New Zealand

Smetham¹

2003

NZGA R&P Series

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“…Highly summer‐dormant hardinggrass was represented by cultivar Grasslands Maru (AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand). Grasslands Maru is a Mediterranean‐type cultivar with a high level of summer dormancy, active winter growth, and marginal levels of dimethyltryptamine alkaloids and cyanogenic glycosides (Stevens et al, 1989). Prairiegrass cultivars Grasslands Matua, released in 1973 by New Zealand's Department of Scientific and Industrial Research–Grasslands Division (Rumball, 1974), and Grasslands Tango (Gentos SA/AgResearch Grasslands) were chosen as check cultivars.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obligatory Summer‐Dormant Cool‐Season Perennial Grasses for Semiarid Environments of the Southern Great Plains

Malinowski¹,

Zuo

Kramp³

et al. 2005

Agronomy Journal

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from early March, when grazing on dual-use wheat must be terminated to produce grain crop, until May when Introduced cool-season perennial grasses may become an imporgrazing on warm-season perennial grass pastures can be tant complementary winter forage to dual-use wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in high-risk semiarid environments of the southern Great initiated (Reuter et al., 1999). Plains. Currently recommended, summer semidormant cultivars are Introduced cool-season perennial grasses are becomnot adapted to prolonged and severe summer drought and not producing an important source of high quality winter forage tive in the autumn grazing season. In an experiment planted at Vernon, to complement or replace wheat forage and perennial TX, on a Miles fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed, thermic Udic warm-season grass pastures in the southern Great Plains Paleustalfs) in October 2000, we evaluated productivity and plant (Reuter and Horn, 2002). Perennial cool-season grasses survival of an obligatory summer-dormant 'Grasslands Flecha' and may potentially be a more reliable and economically summer semidormant 'Georgia 5', 'Jesup', and 'Kentucky 31' tall sound source of early-season forage than wheat, saving fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.); a highly summer semidormant farmers about $100 per ha annually (Redmon, 1997). 'Grasslands Maru' hardinggrass (Phalaris aquatica L.); and summer They also contribute to environmental sustainability of semidormant 'Grasslands Matua' and 'Grasslands Tango' prairiegrass (Bromus wildenowii Kunth) under two defoliation intensities of 7.5 the agroecosystems by reducing water runoff and soil and 15 cm. Georgia 5, Jesup, and Grasslands Flecha were either erosion (Brady and Weil, 1996), conserving soil water infected with the novel Neotyphodium coenophialum Glenn, Bacon, during summer drought (Hanselka et al., 1994), improvand Hanlin endophyte strain AR542, with their endemic endophytes ing soil physical and chemical properties (Dormaar et (except for Grasslands Flecha), or noninfected (E-). Only Grasslands al., 1995), and providing habitat for wildlife (Duebbert Flecha and Grasslands Maru successfully survived summer droughts et al., 1981). during 2001-2004. Prairiegrass behaved as an annual but did not Severe and often prolonged summer droughts and reseed in 2003. Aboveground biomass was greater at 15-vs. 7.5-cm poorly understood management practices adversely afdefoliation height, except for 2004 growing season. In Grasslands fect persistence and productivity of introduced cool-Flecha, the novel endophyte increased tiller survival during summer season perennial grassland ecosystems at the margin of drought by 150% (2001) and 121% (2002) when compared with Eplants. Obligatory and highly summer semidormant cultivars of peren-

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“…Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) 3 2 1 (Falloon & Charlton 1984;Barker & Zhang 1988;Wedderburn et al 1989;Wedderburn et al 1990;Wedderburn & Pengelly 1991;Moloney et al 1993;Wedderburn et al 1996;Rolston et al 2000;Kemp et al 2005) Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot) 5 5 4 (Allan 1985;Barker et al 1985;Allan 1986;Chapman & Campbell 1986;Allan & Chapman 1987;Barker & Zhang 1988;Scott et al 1995;Kemp et al 2005) Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) 1 1 2 (Charlton et al 1986;Barker et al 1993;Moloney et al 1993;Allan & Keoghan 1994;Scott et al 1995;Kemp et al 2005) Bromus wildenowii (prairie grass) 1 1 1 (Sithamparanathan et al 1986;Hume & Barker 1991;Moloney et al 1993;Scott et al 1995;Stewart 1996b) B. stamineus (grazing brome) 5 4 3 (Sithamparanathan 1979;Stewart 1996b) B. inermis (smooth brome) 3 3 5 (Woodman et al 1992;Scott et al 1995) Phalaris aquatica (phalaris) 2 3 2 Stevens et al 1988;Moloney et al 1993;Oram et al 2009) Phleum pratense (timothy) 3 1 5 (Lambert 1954;Charlton et al 1986 T. ambiguum (Caucasian clover) 3 2 5 (Lucas et al 1980;Daly & Mason 1987;Allan & Keoghan 1994;…”

Section: Grassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these, prairie grass has been used most widely, and is best established in spring (Sithamparanathan et al 1986). Phalaris (Phalaris aquatica) is also drought tolerant and can spread by rhizomes but has potential production of toxic alkaloids and it may not be as well adapted to surface sowing as perennial ryegrass and cocksfoot (Campbell 1968;Stevens et al 1988). Negligible literature was found on establishment of timothy (Phleum pratense) in hill country and given its preference for cool and moist environments it is not recommended for summer-dry hill country (Charlton & Stewart 2000).…”

Section: Grassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pasture establishment on non-cultivable hill country: a review of the New Zealand literature

Tozer¹,

Douglas²

2016

NZGA R&P Series

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Steep, non-cultivable hill country below 1000 m comprises about 40% of New Zealand's land surface and is known as "hill country". It is used predominantly for mixed livestock farming, and makes a large contribution to the national economy. Recently there has been renewed interest by industry and government in germplasm introduction through pasture establishment to increase forage supply in these difficult environments. In this review, establishment is defined as development of a sown pasture species to a stage where it is able to reseed. The aim of this review was to determine the effect of key factors associated with pre-sowing management, sowing, and post-sowing management on establishment, including: site selection, herbicides, the role of litter, grazing management, burning, weed and pest control, fallow, fertiliser, species selection, seed quality, sowing time, sowing method, sowing rate, seed inoculation, coating and pelleting, natural reseeding and dissemination of seeds by animals. Over 120 studies were reviewed. A secondary aim was to highlight directions for future research. Keywords: establishment success, sowing, pasture renewal, oversowing

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Grasslands Maru Phalaris: Productive and Persistent in Hill Country

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum): its history and current and future research in New Zealand

Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum): its history and current and future research in New Zealand

Obligatory Summer‐Dormant Cool‐Season Perennial Grasses for Semiarid Environments of the Southern Great Plains

Pasture establishment on non-cultivable hill country: a review of the New Zealand literature

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