Grass root decomposition is retarded when grass has been grown under elevated CO2

Gorissen, A.; Ginkel, J.H. van; Keurentjes, Joost J. B.; Veen, Johannes A. van

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(94)00142-n

Cited by 74 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A full description of the experiments on carbon allocation is given by Lekkerkerk et al (1990), and Gorissen et al (1995a,c). The decomposition experiments are described by Gorissen et al (1995b) and . This paper only presents the results of the plants that were continuously treated at constant CO2 levels, not the results of the plants with a crosswise exchange between a long-term CO2 pretreatment and a short-term CO2 treatment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevated CO2 evokes quantitative and qualitative changes in carbon dynamics in a plant/soil system: mechanisms and implications

Gorissen¹

1995

Plant Soil

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It is hypothesized that carbon storage in soil will increase under an elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration due to a combination of an increased net CO2 uptake, a shift in carbon allocation pattern in the plant/soil system and a decreased decomposition rate of plant residues. An overview of several studies, performed in our laboratory, on the effects of elevated CO2 on net carbon uptake, allocation to the soil and decomposition of roots is given to test this hypothesis. The studies included wheat, ryegrass and Douglas-fir and comprised both short-term and long-term studies.Total dry weight of the plants increased up to 62%, but depended on nutrient availability. These results were supported by the data on net 14CO2 uptake. A shift in laC-carbon distribution from shoots to roots was found in perennial species, although this depended on nutrient availability.The decomposition experiments showed that roots cultivated at 700 #L L -1 CO2 were decomposed more slowly than those cultivated at 350 #L L -1 CO2. Even after two growing seasons differences up to 13% were observed, although this was found to be dependent on the nitrogen level at which the roots were grown.Both an increased carbon allocation to the soil due to an increased carbon uptake, whether or not combined with a shift in distribution pattern, and a decreased decomposition of root residues will enhance the possibilities of carbon sequestration in soil, thus supporting our hypothesis. However, nutrient availability and the response of the soil microbial biomass (size and activity) play a major role in the processes involved and require attention to clarify plant/soil responses in the long term with regard to sustained stimulation of carbon input into soils and the decomposability of roots and rhizodeposition, Soil texture will also have a strong effect on decomposition rates as a result of differences in the protecting capacity for organic matter. More detailed information on these changes is needed for a proper use of models simulating soil carbon dynamics in the long term.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiment 5 (Gorissen et al, 1995b) Ryegrass plants (Lolium perenne L. cv 'Barlet') were grown from seed in the phytotrons in nutrient solution at 350 #L L-1 CO2 and 700 #L L-I CO2. After 4 weeks the plants were harvested, divided into shoots and roots, dried at 80 °C for 48 h and ground to pass through a 1-mm sieve.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated CO2 evokes quantitative and qualitative changes in carbon dynamics in a plant/soil system: mechanisms and implications

Gorissen¹

1995

Plant Soil

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“…microbial metabolites, it seems plausible that this increase will result in C storage. Even when part of this residue had not yet passed the SMB, we expect a low-er rate of decomposition (Cotrufo & Ineson, 1995;Gorissen £? a/., 1995 ;Jongen e/a/.. 1995;Van Ginkel, Gorissen & Van Veen, 1996).…”

Section: Table 3 Absolute '^C Allocation Expressed As Total Amount mentioning

confidence: 96%

Elevated CO₂ enhances below‐ground C allocation in three perennial grass species at different levels of N availability

Cotrufo

Gorissen²

1997

New Phytologist

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summary Three perennial grass species, Lolium perenne L., Agrottis capillaris L. and Festuca uvina L., were homogeneously labelled in phytotrons with 14CO2 at two CO2 concentrations (350 and 700μl l−1). Plants were grown under two nitrogen regimes: one with a minor addition of 8 kg N ha−1, the other with an addition of 278 kg N ha−1. Carbon allocation over the different compartments of the plant/soil systems was measured: shoots, roots, rhizosphere soil (soil solution, microbial biomass and soil residue), and bulk soil. Elevated CO., increased total net 14C recovery in all species by 14%, and significantly enhanced the below‐ground 14C allocation by 26%, this enhancement was 24%, 39% and 21 % for root, rhizosphere soil and bulk soil, respectively. Within the rhizosphere soil, the 14C amounts in the soil solution (+ 69%) and soil residue (+ 49%,) increased significantly. Total microbial biomass‐C in the rhizosphere soil was also increased (15 %) by the elevated CO2 treatment, but only in proportion to the increased root mass. No interactions were observed between the elevated CO2, and N treatments. The N treatment increased total net 14C recovery by more than 300% and 14C was preferentially allocated to the shoots, leading to a significant increase in shoot‐to‐root ratio. However, N fertilization also increased (+111%) the absolute amount of 14C in soil. The three species behaved differently, but no interactions were observed between CO2 treatment and plant species. These results show that elevated CO2 induces an increased C input into soil for all three grass species at both N levels. However, the highest absolute amounts were found in the soils of the fastest growing species and at the highest N level.

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“…Mattson, 1980) and litter decomposition processes (e.g. Gorissen et al, 1995). The N depletion of leaves growing under elevated CO2 is not restricted to the artificial conditions of short-term CO2 enrichment experiments, but persists in mediterranean grasslands over very long periods under naturally elevated CO2 conditions (K6rner and Miglietta, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of CO2 enrichment and temperature increase on a temperate grass sward

Soussana¹,

Casella²,

Loiseau³

1996

Plant Soil

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Perennial ryegrass swards were grown in large containers on a soil and were exposed during two years to elevated (700 #L L -1) or ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration at outdoor temperature and to a 3 °C increase in air temperature in elevated CO2. The nitrogen nutrition of the grass sward was studied at two sub-optimal (160 and 530 kg N ha -I y -l ) and one non-limiting (1000 kg N ha -I y -l ) N fertilizer supplies. At cutting date, elevated CO2 reduced by 25 to 33%, on average, the leafN concentration per unit mass. Due to an increase in the leaf blade weight per unit area in elevated CO2, this decline did not translate for all cuts in a lower N concentration per unit leaf blade area. With the non-limiting N fertilizer supply, the leaf N concentration (% N) declined with the shoot dry-matter (DM) according to highly significant power models in ambient (% N = 4.9 DM -°38) and in elevated (% N = 5.3 DM -°'52) CO2. The difference between both regressions was significant and indicated a lower critical leaf N concentration in elevated than in ambient CO2 for high, but not for low values of shoot biomass. With the sub-optimal N fertilizer supplies, the nitrogen nutrition index of the grass sward, calculated as the ratio of the actual to the critical leaf N concentration, was significantly lowered in elevated CO2. This indicated a lower inorganic N availability for the grass plants in elevated CO2, which was also apparent from the significant declines in the annual nitrogen yield of the grass sward and in the nitrate leaching during winter. For most cuts, the harvested fraction of the plant dry-matter decreased in elevated CO2 due, on average, to a 45-52% increase in the root phytomass. In the same way, a smaller share of the plant total nitrogen was harvested by cutting, due, on average, to a 25-41% increase in the N content of roots. The annual means of the DM and N harvest indices were highly correlated to the annual means of the nitrogen nutrition index. Changes in the harvest index and in the nitrogen nutrition index between ambient and elevated CO2 were also positively correlated. The possible implication of changes in the soil nitrogen cycle and of a limitation in the shoot growth potential of the grass in elevated. CO2 is discussed.Abbreviations: 350-outdoor climate; 700 -outdoor climate +350/~L L -l [CO2]; 700+ -outdoor climate +350 #L L-I (CO2) and +3 °C; N --low N fertilizer supply; N + -high N fertilizer supply; N++-non-limiting N fertilizer supply; DM -dry-matter.

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Grass root decomposition is retarded when grass has been grown under elevated CO2

Cited by 74 publications

References 15 publications

Elevated CO2 evokes quantitative and qualitative changes in carbon dynamics in a plant/soil system: mechanisms and implications

Elevated CO2 evokes quantitative and qualitative changes in carbon dynamics in a plant/soil system: mechanisms and implications

Elevated CO₂ enhances below‐ground C allocation in three perennial grass species at different levels of N availability

Long-term effects of CO2 enrichment and temperature increase on a temperate grass sward

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Grass root decomposition is retarded when grass has been grown under elevated CO2

Cited by 74 publications

References 15 publications

Elevated CO2 evokes quantitative and qualitative changes in carbon dynamics in a plant/soil system: mechanisms and implications

Elevated CO2 evokes quantitative and qualitative changes in carbon dynamics in a plant/soil system: mechanisms and implications

Elevated CO2 enhances below‐ground C allocation in three perennial grass species at different levels of N availability

Long-term effects of CO2 enrichment and temperature increase on a temperate grass sward

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Elevated CO₂ enhances below‐ground C allocation in three perennial grass species at different levels of N availability