Grass Meristems I: Shoot Apical Meristem Maintenance, Axillary Meristem Determinacy and the Floral Transition

Pautler, Michael; Tanaka, Wakana; Hirano, Hideki; Jackson, David

doi:10.1093/pcp/pct025

Cited by 112 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Here, a combination of tools from bioinformatics, deep transcriptomic sequencing and plants with altered/compromised tiller bud formation and extension will be useful. Several key genes involved in meristem organization, identity and elongation have been studied in both monocots and dicots [43][44][45][46][47][48]. For switchgrass, seedlings can be selected for single or multiple tillers at an early stage of growth [49].…”

Section: Tiller Bud Development and Rhizome Nutrient Status In Tempermentioning

confidence: 99%

Senescence, dormancy and tillering in perennial C4 grasses

2014

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a b s t r a c tPerennial, temperate, C 4 grasses, such as switchgrass and miscanthus have been tabbed as sources of herbaceous biomass for the production of green fuels and chemicals based on a number of positive agronomic traits. Although there is important literature on the management of these species for biomass production on marginal lands, numerous aspects of their biology are as yet unexplored at the molecular level. Perenniality, a key agronomic trait, is a function of plant dormancy and winter survival of the belowground parts of the plants. These include the crowns, rhizomes and meristems that will produce tillers. Maintaining meristem viability is critical for the continued survival of the plants. Plant tillers emerge from the dormant crown and rhizome meristems at the start of the growing period in the spring, progress through a phase of vegetative growth, followed by flowering and eventually undergo senescence. There is nutrient mobilization from the aerial portions of the plant to the crowns and rhizomes during tiller senescence. Signals arising from the shoots and from the environment can be expected to be integrated as the plants enter into dormancy. Plant senescence and dormancy have been well studied in several dicot species and offer a potential framework to understand these processes in temperate C 4 perennial grasses. The availability of latitudinally adapted populations for switchgrass presents an opportunity to dissect molecular mechanisms that can impact senescence, dormancy and winter survival. Given the large increase in genomic and other resources for switchgrass, it is anticipated that projected molecular studies with switchgrass will have a broader impact on related species.

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Section: Tiller Bud Development and Rhizome Nutrient Status In Tempermentioning

confidence: 99%

Senescence, dormancy and tillering in perennial C4 grasses

2014

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“…The shoot branch in rice is called a tiller, and rice propagates vegetatively by tillering (reviewed in Wang and Li, 2008;Pautler et al, 2013). Therefore, understanding the mechanism of tiller formation in rice is important not only for basic biological knowledge but also for agricultural improvement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rice, CLVlike genes, known as FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER genes, are involved in the negative regulation of meristem maintenance, as seen in maize (Taguchi-Shiobara et al, 2001;Suzaki et al, 2004Suzaki et al, , 2006Bommert et al, 2005). By contrast, little is known about the genes responsible for positive regulation in both rice and maize (reviewed in Pautler et al, 2013). Recently, WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX4 (WOX4), a WOX gene related to the rice WUS ortholog (Os WUS), has been shown to be involved in the activity of the SAM in rice (Ohmori et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axillary Meristem Formation in Rice Requires the WUSCHEL Ortholog TILLERS ABSENT1

et al. 2015

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Axillary shoot formation is a key determinant of plant architecture. Formation of the axillary shoot is regulated by initiation of the axillary meristem or outgrowth of the axillary bud. Here, we show that rice (Oryza sativa) TILLERS ABSENT1 (TAB1; also known as Os WUS), an ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana WUS, is required to initiate axillary meristem development. We found that formation of the axillary meristem in rice proceeds via a transient state, which we term the premeristem, characterized by the expression of OSH1, a marker of indeterminate cells in the shoot apical meristem. In the tab1-1 (wus-1) mutant, however, formation of the axillary meristem is arrested at various stages of the premeristem zone, and OSH1 expression is highly reduced. TAB1/WUS is expressed in the premeristem zone, where it shows a partially overlapping pattern with OSH1. It is likely, therefore, that TAB1 plays an important role in maintaining the premeristem zone and in promoting the formation of the axillary meristem by promoting OSH1 expression. Temporal expression patterns of WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX4 (WOX4) indicate that WOX4 is likely to regulate meristem maintenance instead of TAB1 after establishment of the axillary meristem. Lastly, we show that the prophyll, the first leaf in the secondary axis, is formed from the premeristem zone and not from the axillary meristem.

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“…Despite these findings, less is known about the factors controlling meristem size in maize and additional factors are likely to function in this critical developmental process (Pautler et al, 2013). The functional subdomains of the meristem, such as the central zone, organizing center, and peripheral zone, are less well defined in maize due to a paucity of molecular markers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FASCIATED EAR4Encodes a bZIP Transcription Factor That Regulates Shoot Meristem Size in Maize

et al. 2015

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Plant architecture is dictated by precise control of meristematic activity. In the shoot, an imbalance in positive or negative maintenance signals can result in a fasciated or enlarged meristem phenotype. fasciated ear4 (fea4) is a semidwarfed mutant with fasciated ears and tassels as well as greatly enlarged vegetative and inflorescence meristems. We identified FEA4 as a bZIP transcription factor, orthologous to Arabidopsis thaliana PERIANTHIA. FEA4 was expressed in the peripheral zone of the vegetative shoot apical meristem and in the vasculature of immature leaves and conspicuously excluded from the stem cell niche at the tip of the shoot apical meristem and from incipient leaf primordia. Following the transition to reproductive fate, FEA4 was expressed throughout the entire inflorescence and floral meristems. Native expression of a functional YFP:FEA4 fusion recapitulated this pattern of expression. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing to identify 4060 genes proximal to FEA4 binding sites, including ones that were potentially bound and modulated by FEA4 based on transcriptional changes in fea4 mutant ears. Our results suggest that FEA4 promotes differentiation in the meristem periphery by regulating auxin-based responses and genes associated with leaf differentiation and polarity, potentially in opposition to factors such as KNOTTED1 and WUSCHEL.

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Grass Meristems I: Shoot Apical Meristem Maintenance, Axillary Meristem Determinacy and the Floral Transition

Cited by 112 publications

References 107 publications

Senescence, dormancy and tillering in perennial C4 grasses

Senescence, dormancy and tillering in perennial C4 grasses

Axillary Meristem Formation in Rice Requires the WUSCHEL Ortholog TILLERS ABSENT1

FASCIATED EAR4Encodes a bZIP Transcription Factor That Regulates Shoot Meristem Size in Maize

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