Graphium pseudormiticum sp. nov.: a new hyphomycete with unusual conidiogenesis

Mouton, Marnel; Wingfield, M.J.; Wyk, P. S. van; Wyk, Pieter W. J. van

doi:10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80298-0

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Optimal growth temperature 30°C. The morphology compared well with the description by Mouton et al (1994). Etymology: Referring to the dark conidiophores produced in culture with texture similar to coal.…”

Section: Microascalessupporting

confidence: 58%

“…They produce black and brown staining on wood and are also associated with bark beetles (Mathiesen-Käärik 1954;Okada et al 1998Okada et al , 2000Stauffer et al 2001;Geldenhuis et al 2004). Graphium pseudormiticum is known as an associate of the pineinfesting bark beetle, Orthotomicus erosus, in South Africa (Mouton et al 1994). The fungus has since been found associated with Crypturgus, Dryocoetes, Hylurgops, Polygraphus, Trypodendron, Pityogenes and Ips species on spruce, and Ips and Orthotomicus species on pine trees in Germany (Kirschner 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characterisation of synnematous bark beetle-associated fungi from China, including Graphium carbonarium sp. nov.

et al. 2010

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Ophiostomatoid fungi on trees are typically bark beetle associates that cause sapstain in timber and some are pathogens. Very little is known regarding the ophiostomatoid fungi associated with bark beetles in China and the aim of this study was to identify a collection of these fungi with synnematous anamorphs. Micromorphology and DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA and the partial β-tubulin gene were used for identifications. The isolates could be divided in six morphological groups. DNA sequence comparisons with published data confirmed that these groups represented six species, four in the Ophiostomatales (Sordariomycetidae) and two in the Microascales (Hypocreomycetidae). The majority of these were isolated from conifer hosts. Ophiostoma quercus, O. setosum, Pesotum fragrans (Ophiostomatales) and Graphium pseudormiticum (Microascales) were found on Tsuga dumosa infested by a Pissodes sp. In addition, O. quercus and P. fragrans were found associated with Tomicus yunnanensis on Pinus yunnanensis, P. fragrans with a Pissodes sp. on P. armandi, and O. piceae with Ips subelongatus on Larix olgensis. Only two species, O. quercus and a new species in the Graphium penicilliodes complex, described here as Graphium carbonarium sp. nov., were isolated from Pissodes galleries on Salix babylonica. These results include several new fungus-host and fungusinsect associations, and G. pseudormiticum is reported here for the first time from China.

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Section: Microascalessupporting

confidence: 58%

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confidence: 99%

Characterisation of synnematous bark beetle-associated fungi from China, including Graphium carbonarium sp. nov.

et al. 2010

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“…), Orthomicus erosus Wollaston and O. laricis (Fabr.) on different pine species [15,21,22,43]. The unidentified species Graphium sp., code-named 'W' is used here in the broad sense [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi associated withTomicus piniperdain Poland and assessment of their virulence using Scots pine seedlings

Jankowiak¹

2006

Ann. For. Sci.

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-The species composition and virulence of fungi associated with Tomicus piniperda were studied at eight locations in Poland. The fungi were isolated from phloem and sapwood samples taken from insect galleries and then identified. The virulence of the most common ophiostomatoid species was evaluated through inoculations using two-year-old Scots pine seedlings. A great diversity of fungi were found associated with T. piniperda, including 4 837 cultures and 67 species. The most important groups of fungi were the ophiostomatoids and moulds, including mainly Penicillium, Trichoderma and Mucor species. Among ophiostomatoid fungi, Ophiostoma minus and O. piceae dominated, with a frequency of occurrence of 32.4 and 11.5% of inspected galleries, respectively. Occasionally isolated species included Leptographium lundbergii, L. procerum, L. wingfieldii, Graphium pycnocephalum and Graphium sp. 'W'. In general, the frequency of the ophiostomatoid species was highly variable among locations. Leptographium wingfieldii and O. minus, were the only species capable of killing whole plants and penetrated deeper into the sapwood than other species (87-100% mortality during the 11 week incubation period). Other fungi, including O. piliferum, O. piceae and L. procerum, were considerably less virulent.

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“…The other species, Graphium pseudormiticum M. Mouton & M.J. Wingf., was described by Mouton et al (1994) from galleries of Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston) infesting pine in South Africa. Previous reports of Gr.…”

Section: Other Fungal Associatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bark beetle-associated fungi in Fennoscandia with special emphasis on species of Ophiostoma and Grosmannia

Linnakoski¹

2011

Diss. For.

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Global trade in untreated timber and wood products raises the risk of accidentally introducing forest pests and pathogens into new environments. Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) include several species that are regarded as forest pests. These insects are known to live in close association with fungi, especially species of ophiostomatoid fungi (Ascomycota). Several of these fungi are agents of blue stain in timber, and some are serious plant pathogens. However, only little is known regarding the fungal associates of bark beetles, or the interactions between the fungus, the bark beetle and the host tree in the boreal forests of Fennoscandia.The aim of this study was to increase the knowledge regarding bark beetle-associated fungi in Fennoscandia, with special emphasis on the genera Ophiostoma Syd. & P. Syd. and Grosmannia Goid. Fungi associated with 13 different bark beetle species, infesting Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and birches (Betula L. spp.) in the eastern parts of Finland and neighboring Russia, as well as southern Norway, were isolated and identified. The fungal identifications were based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence comparisons.The survey revealed the occurrence of at least 29 species of Ophiostoma and Grosmannia. All the bark beetle species considered in this study were frequently associated with a complex of ophiostomatoid fungi. Several species were recorded for the first time in the countries in the study. A surprisingly high number of previously undescribed fungal species were discovered. During the survey, eight of these species were described as new taxa. In addition, the study revealed new insect-fungus relationships. The number of taxa encountered, covering a relatively small geographical area, indicates that there are many more ophiostomatoid fungi occurring in the boreal forests of Fennoscandia than has previously been recognized. The study emphasizes the importance of developing a clear understanding of the possible threats of moving timber and wood products without knowledge of the micro-organisms that might also be moved.Keywords: blue stain, insect-fungus interactions, molecular systematics, ophiostomatoid fungi, Ophiostomatales, symbioses 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS "It's the journey that's important, not the getting there" (John McLeod). The writing of this dissertation has been a fascinating journey full of unforgettable experiences, from South African sunrises to a rail ride on the Trans Siberian Railway. It has also been a time of personal growth. The writing of a dissertation is a long journey, and obviously not possible without the support of numerous people. I've been truly privileged to start my journey in the world of science with many inspiring people. It's been a great pleasure to follow their enthusiasm and the deep commitment to the work they love. Thank you for passing on the passion for science! I would like to express my sincere thanks to all of you who have contributed and supported this project in v...

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Graphium pseudormiticum sp. nov.: a new hyphomycete with unusual conidiogenesis

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

Characterisation of synnematous bark beetle-associated fungi from China, including Graphium carbonarium sp. nov.

Characterisation of synnematous bark beetle-associated fungi from China, including Graphium carbonarium sp. nov.

Fungi associated withTomicus piniperdain Poland and assessment of their virulence using Scots pine seedlings

Bark beetle-associated fungi in Fennoscandia with special emphasis on species of Ophiostoma and Grosmannia

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