Graphitic Mesostructured Carbon Prepared from Aromatic Precursors

Kim, Chy Hyung; Lee, Dong-Keun; Pinnavaia, Thomas J.

doi:10.1021/la049602c

Cited by 166 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, somewhat broad X-ray pattern at around 2 θ = 26 o and 43∼45 o in the wide-angle region corresponding to the (002) and (100)/(101) diffractions is found indicating that the liquid-like mesophase still exists and the mesophase contributes to form a hexagonal framework order. Sucrose as a carbon precursor has been reported to show a very broad pattern in the wide angle Bragg reflections, especially at (002) diffraction of graphite, 9 which produces an excellent hexagonal carbon replica. As a reference, Figure 1(b) shows the X-ray patterns of the raw and the processed graphite powders.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 It is clear that the electrical conductivity of a mesostructured carbon can be increased by improving its graphitic character.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 With the MSU-H silica template, different mesostuructured carbon replicas of graphitic character were produced by the author from aromatic precursors, benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, and pyrene without the need for autoclave. 9 In this work an aliphatic precursor, pentane, in combination with Fe(CO) 5 as a catalyst, was used to obtain a mesostructured carbon replica having a graphitic character. Previous reports have implied that Fe(CO)5 is a useful metal source for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes with pentane as a carbon source but have not tried out for the preparation of mesostructured carbon network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphitic Mesostructured Carbon from an Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Precursor

Kim

Oh²

2009

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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A mesostructured form of carbon was fabricated from a template of mesostructured silica by using pentane, an aliphatic hydrocarbon precursor. To synthesize the mesostructured silica, a buffered (pH of 6.5) mixture of nonionic Pluronic P123 surfactant, sodium silicate, and acetic acid were used. The impregnated silica with Fe(CO) 5 (wt 5%) and pentane was placed in a quartz tube, treated with pentane vapor at 800 o C for two hours to synthesize the mesostructured carbon. The XRD patterns of the carbon replica in the low/wide angle regions, its TEM images, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm revealed that the long-range framework order of mesostructure with the pore size centered on 2.8 nm was maintained to some extent mainly due to some portions of mesophase carbon that work as a support to fix the hexagonal frameworks by anchoring on the pore surface with an improved graphitic character. The dc conductivity of the mesostructured carbon in pressed powder form at 6.0 MPa was 2.08 S/cm.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 It is clear that the electrical conductivity of a mesostructured carbon can be increased by improving its graphitic character.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphitic Mesostructured Carbon from an Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Precursor

Kim

Oh²

2009

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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“…Pinnavaia and co-workers used aromatic carbon precursors such as naphthalene, anthracene, 2012)and pyrene to synthesize graphitic mesoporous carbons. 361 The obtained materials had much higher electrical conductivity than those of amorphous mesoporous carbons. Fuertes et al demonstrated preparation of graphitic mesoporous carbons with an electrical conductivity of 0.3 S cm ¹1 using poly(vinyl chloride) as the carbon precursor.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 93%

Nanoarchitectonics for Mesoporous Materials

Ariga

Vinu

Yamauchi

et al. 2011

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan

716

411

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Although mesoporous materials have well-defined pore structures, these fine materials can surprisingly be produced by employing a set of conventional and simple procedures such as mixing, heating, filtration, and washing, using low-cost materials. They can be regarded as easy-to-make bulk nanostructured materials. Mesoporous materials have great potential for use in both macroscopic applications and nanotechnology. In this account, we introduce examples of recent developments in mesoporous materials involving innovations in their components and structural designs and concentrating on our own recent progress. These examples include syntheses of mesoporous silica, metal oxides, semiconductive materials, metals, alloys, organic composites, biomaterial composites, carbon, carbon nitride, and boron nitride, as innovative components. As structural innovations for mesoporous materials, various film preparations, pore alignments, and hierarchic structures are described together with their related functions including sensing and controlled release of target molecules. Why Mesoporous Materials? Bulk Quantities and Precise StructuresThere is little doubt that nanotechnology and related technologies are making significant contributions to current research and development which will eventually be felt in our day-to-day lives. Device miniaturization in such products as cellular phones and portable computers has irrevocably changed our lifestyles. Portable devices allow us to work and communicate wherever we are in the world in contrast to the previous situation where machine operation required a human presence. Greater freedom in our work and leisure dispositions should diminish over-concentration of populations in cities and may ultimately reduce energy consumption and waste production.So far, device innovations have been due to development of top-down approaches, especially sophisticated microfabrication techniques. 17 However, those top-down techniques are not useful for materials innovation where chemical processes are used as the operating principle. Rather, so-called bottom-up approaches are expected to create novel functional materials having well-controlled structural features with nanometric precision. Bottom-up approaches rely on self-assembly processes to form selected structures through spontaneous association of atoms, molecules, clusters, and particles. 818 Furthermore, assisted assembly techniques using external influences are provided by LangmuirBlodgett (LB) method 1928 and layer-by-layer (LbL) adsorption 2936 and provide significant contributions for materials' fabrication. According to these concepts, molecular complex formation, 3741 molecular array control, 4252 and microscopic structural design 5361 have been widely investigated leading to generation of a large quantity of scientific knowledge.Ideally, materials should be produced in a series of easy processes to yield bulk quantity without loss of nanometric structural features and some categories of material already satisfy this condition. For exampl...

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“…13 In general, CNTs prepared by carbonizing polymer precursor have inevitably amorphous region at low carbonization temperature. However, the degree of graphitization could be enhanced if the precursor has lots of aromatic composition 14 . Therefore, the graphitic structure of carbonized polyimide nanotubes is well developed at relatively low carbonization temperature due to the aromatic composition of polyimide, as shown in Raman spectrum or HRTEM images.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fabrication of polyimide nanotubes and carbon nanotubes containing magnetic iron oxide in confinement

2005

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Polyimide nanotubes with tunable wall thickness were fabricated by a precursor impregnation method using an AAO template, and carbon nanotubes containing magnetic iron oxide were obtained using ferric chloride-embedded polyimide precursor by a carbonization process. Nanotubular materials have attracted considerable attention owing to their various applications in the fields of electronics, optics, catalysis, energy storages, and bio-sensors.1 Up to date, diverse methods for the preparation of inorganic and organic nanotubes such as titania, silica, and pyrene have been developed. 2Polymer nanotubes could also be prepared by several synthetic methods including a soft or hard template-assisted approach, selfassembly, sol-gel methods, and electospinning. 3 Most research has focused on thermoplastics and conducting polymer. On the other hand, there is limited information concerning the fabrication of thermoset nanomaterials using mesoporous silica and block copolymer as a template. 4 Hillmyer et al. and Mijovic groups have reported the synthesis of thermoset nanostructured materials from self-assembled amphiphilic block copolymer/epoxy resin mixture. Among thermoset polymers, aromatic polyimides are important materials because they have excellent mechanical, dielectric and thermal properties. 5 Recently, electrospinning and drying-jet techniques have been used for the fabrication of polyimide hollow fibers. 6 However, polyimide nanotubes have not been synthesized yet and this is the first demonstration of a fabricated polyimide tubular structure using a precursor impregnated AAO template method. The hard template method provides not only facile synthesis of the desired material within the cylindrical and spherical porous substrates but also the ability to control the wall thickness of tubular materials. Precise control of the wall thickness can enhance physical and chemical properties such as electrical conductivity, surface area, permeability, and selectivity of the nanotubes. These improved performances could be applied in various research fields, e.g. in chemical and biological sensors, catalysts, separation system, double layer capacitors and hydrogen storage systems. 7Carbon nanotubes have been studied for their extensive application fields as well as the fabrication methods. The polymer precursor-mediated method has excellent advantages in the fabrication of tailored carbon nanotubes and for introducing foreign materials that exhibit functional properties such as magnetic, photonic, and biological properties into the carbon nanotube. 8 In particular, magnetic carbon nanotubes have been used for magnetic data storage, improved magnetic tapes, and heterogeneous catalysis. 9 The fabrication of carbon nanotubes with magnetic properties and tunable wall thickness is therefore a challenge. Herein we report on the facile synthesis of polyimide nanotubes using an AAO template and the conversion into carbon nanotubes through the carbonization process. Scheme 1 illustrates the overall synthetic procedure of fabrication ...

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Graphitic Mesostructured Carbon Prepared from Aromatic Precursors

Abstract: Mesostructured carbons with graphitic framework walls are conveniently prepared at ambient pressures through the replication of a mesostructured silica template using an aromatic hydrocarbon as the carbon precursor and a catalyst.

Cited by 166 publications

References 19 publications

Graphitic Mesostructured Carbon from an Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Precursor

Graphitic Mesostructured Carbon from an Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Precursor

Nanoarchitectonics for Mesoporous Materials

Fabrication of polyimide nanotubes and carbon nanotubes containing magnetic iron oxide in confinement

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