Graphite/Graphene Composites from the Recovered Spent Zn/Carbon Primary Cell for the High-Performance Anode of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Vadivel, Selvamani; Tejangkura, Worapol

doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c01270

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 6d, the specific capacity of the MoO 2 /C nanofiber membrane electrode decreased correspondingly with the current density increased during the continuous cycles. Even at a high current density of 2000 mA g −1 , the reversible specific capacity of the electrode was 432 mAh g −1 , which is still higher than the theoretical capacity of graphite (372 mAh g −1 ) [49], and when the current density dropped to 100 mA g −1 , the reversible specific capacity of the MoO 2 /C nanofiber membrane electrode also rose to a high level of 800 mAh g −1 and remained stable. This indicates that the MoO 2 /C nanofiber membrane electrode had excellent rate performance and stability performance, and that there was no memory effect on the electrode, reflecting the characteristics of LIBs [42].…”

Section: Electrochemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 77%

Encapsulating MoO2 Nanocrystals into Flexible Carbon Nanofibers via Electrospinning for High-Performance Lithium Storage

et al. 2020

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Design and synthesis of flexible and self-supporting electrode materials in high-performance lithium storage is significant for applications in the field of smart wearable devices. Herein, flexible carbon nanofiber membranes with uniformly distributed molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) nanocrystals are fabricated by a needlefree electrospinning method combined with the subsequent carbonization process, which exhibits outstanding structural stability under abrasion and deformation. The as-fabricated lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) exhibit a high discharge of 450 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 2000 mA g−1 by using the MoO2/C nanofiber membrane as the self-supporting anode. Further, the nanofibers structure remains intact after 500 cycles, which reflects the excellent stability of the materials. This study provides a simple and effective method for the preparation of MoO2/C nanofiber materials, which can not only maintain its excellent electrochemical and physical properties, but also easily realize large-scale production. It is undoubtedly beneficial for the development of flexible LIBs and smart wearable devices.

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Section: Electrochemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 77%

Encapsulating MoO2 Nanocrystals into Flexible Carbon Nanofibers via Electrospinning for High-Performance Lithium Storage

et al. 2020

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“…Figure shows the N 2 adsorption–desorption isotherm and corresponding pore size distribution curves of rGO. BET isotherm follows type IV isotherms with a hysteresis loop, indicating the presence of mesopores, according to IUPAC classification. , Pore size distribution has been assessed by assuming slit pore shapes through hybrid nonlocal density functional theory (NLDFT) revealed that the pore diameter is in the range 2–17 nm, confirming the mesoporous structure of rGO. ,, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…29,30 Pore size distribution has been assessed by assuming slit pore shapes through hybrid nonlocal density functional theory (NLDFT) revealed that the pore diameter is in the range 2−17 nm, confirming the mesoporous structure of rGO. 24,31,32 3.3. Electrical and Electrochemical Studies.…”

Section: Xps Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Regenerated rGO Electrodes from Spent Li-ion Battery Anodes for Secondary Energy Device Applications

Shivamurthy

Nayaka

Santhosh³

2023

Energy Fuels

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At the end of their life, disposal of Li-ion batteries is a severe issue. Therefore, this study aims to recycle graphite from the spent anode material and synthesize reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in an eco-friendly approach. rGO was prepared from graphene oxide (GO), which is obtained from the spent graphite (G) by the modified Hummer's method. The graphene powder was reduced by ascorbic acid at 60 °C through a chemical reduction process using GO. The structural morphology of G, GO, and rGO was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet−visible (UV− vis) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) surface area and porous behavior of rGO are studied and checked for their capacity in supercapacitor applications. The cyclic voltammogram of rGO (between 0.0−1.0 V) showed a pair of redox peaks corresponding to the electrical double-layer capacitance. The galvanostatic charge/discharge studies for rGO showed a discharge capacity of 278.5 F/g after 200 cycles (coated on a glassy carbon electrode) and 207.9 F/g after 2000 cycles (coated on a Toray carbon electrode) at a 1 A/g current density.

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“…[89] As Gr is the main source for production of graphene, recently, some studies have been investigating production of graphene from recycled Gr of EoL-LIBs, [90][91][92][93][94] or other batteries. [95,96] The applications have in common that the Gr of the EoL-LIBs has to be processed to graphene and freed from foreign substances via a common approach, typically the Hummers method. [90][91][92][93][94]97] For this purpose, typically, the battery was disassembled manually at the electrode level.…”

Section: Graphene Production From R-grmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next, deionized water and hydrogen peroxide were added, and, after filtration and drying, a subsequent sonication, washing, and centrifugation step was applied to the filtrated powders in order to produce the graphene to be used for further applications. [90][91][92][94][95][96][98][99][100] Some of the typical characterization methods and experimental steps used for the fabricated graphene from spent Gr are shown in Figure 9 and Table 4.…”

Section: Graphene Production From R-grmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphite Recycling from End‐of‐Life Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Processes and Applications

Abdollahifar

Cavers

Kwade

2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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resistance), is suitable for a wide range of industrial applications, depending on its form. [1] The world has consumed resources exceeding 800 million tons of recoverable Gr. Although more than 20 countries are producing natural graphite (NGr), in 2019, as shown in Figure 1a, the world production was controlled by China, Mozambique, and Brazil. [4] Total production of NGr in 2019 was estimated to be 1 130 000 tons, and China is the largest producer of Gr with 62% (about 700 000 tons). The NGr products contain both amorphous Gr (microcrystalline) and flake Gr (crystalline), however, about 1% of NGr is vein (lump) Gr (interlocking aggregates of flake Gr crystals), which is produced in Sri Lanka. [1,[5][6][7][8] Another type of Gr is synthetic (artificial) Gr (SGr), which is synthesized by heat treatment of a coke-based precursor at very high temperature of more than 2500 °C. [9,10] The production of SGr is costly from both an energy and a time perspective. The process of preparation, heating and cooling takes several weeks to several months. [11] Table 1 reports the characteristics of different types of NGr and SGr. Although the chemical structure is similar for both NGr and SGr, they differ in electrochemical behavior and price. In 2018, the price for the NGr and SGr as anode material were between 4 and 8 $ kg −1 , and 12 and 13 $ kg −1 , respectively. [12] Due to the high melting point of 3900 °C, [13] the largest amount of Gr produced is used in the reactors and furnaces of steel and refractory industries. [14] However, emerging Li-ion battery (LIBs) industries could substantially increase world demand for Gr (forecasted to rise by 10-12% per year). [2] Gr is the state-of-the-art anode material in both primary (non-rechargeable), and secondary (rechargeable) batteries with approximately 18% of flake NGr worldwide used in batteries. [15] The market shares of various anode materials are illustrated in Figure 1b,c for years of 1995 and 2010, which mainly is dominated by Gr-based materials. Despite its higher price, the market share of SGr for automotive batteries is growing over time, as the quality fluctuates less than for NGr, and SGr demonstrates extremely high levels of purity. [12,16] In 2018, the SGr had a market share of about 56% in comparison to 35% for NGr as an anode material (which are almost similar to percentages of 2010 (Figure 1c), and the rest consisted of amorphous carbon, silicon composites or lithium titanate. [12] The Gr market, in general, is growing fast due to the replacement of fuel-driven cars by electric vehicles (EVs) (the number of EVs cars produced in 2020 was about 3.24 million cars) [18] and The number of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from hybrid and electric vehicles that are produced or discarded every year is growing exponentially, which may pose risks to supply lines of limited resources. Thus, recycling and regeneration of end-of-life LIBs (EoL-LIBs) is becoming an urgent and critical task for a sustainable and environmentally friendly future. In this regard, much attention, esp...

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Graphite/Graphene Composites from the Recovered Spent Zn/Carbon Primary Cell for the High-Performance Anode of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Encapsulating MoO2 Nanocrystals into Flexible Carbon Nanofibers via Electrospinning for High-Performance Lithium Storage

Encapsulating MoO2 Nanocrystals into Flexible Carbon Nanofibers via Electrospinning for High-Performance Lithium Storage

Performance Analysis of Regenerated rGO Electrodes from Spent Li-ion Battery Anodes for Secondary Energy Device Applications

Graphite Recycling from End‐of‐Life Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Processes and Applications

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