Graphite fiber surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and polar/dispersive free energy analysis

Effects of atmospheric plasma treatment on the interfacial characteristics of ethylene–vinyl acetate/polyurethane composites

“…Most adhesion problems in polymers are usually related to additives in formulation, such as antioxidants and mold-release agents [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. These additives create a weak boundary layer on the polymer surface and prevent some degree of adhesion between polymer interfaces.…”

Determination of dispersive and nondispersive components of the surface free energy of glass fibers

“…A number of authors analyzed the contact angle data by assuming the geometric-mean relation [1,2,5,12,[23][24][25][26] and moreover its validity has been verified experimentally by Schultz and Gent [3], and ours [11]. In mica [11] and suggests that the dipole-dipole, Jr-bond or hydrogen bond can be considered as the cause of nondispersive interaction in the same manner.…”

Effect of Fiber–Polymer Interactions on Fracture Toughness Behavior of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Composites

“…Precise contact angle measurement of fibrous materials is a difficult and complex process; however, several methods for measuring the wettability of fibrous material have been proposed (17)(18)(19)(20). In the early 1970s, Chwastiak (21) introduced a procedure for wicking rate measurement by enclosing a carbon fiber bundle in a glass tube so that the porosity is fixed for a given strand of carbon fibers.…”