Graphite-Embedded Lithium Iron Phosphate for High-Power–Energy Cathodes

Li, Fan; Tao, Ran; Tan, Xin; Xu, Jinhui; Kong, Dejia; Shen, Li; Mo, Runwei; Li, Jinlai; Lu, Yunfeng

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00037

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…3e-h). The distribution of Fe coincides with the spatial distribution of P and O, confirming that the LFP presents in LFPG, whereas graphite and elements, such as Fe, O, and P, nearly exist in mutual supplements [33]. Therefore, LFP materials are primarily scattered over the vicinity of graphite, thus confirming the results viewed by SEM images.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…4a) compared with the discharge capacity of the graphite cathode (~80 mA h g −1 , Fig. 4a) [33,49]. Second, as visualized in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Theoretically, as a typical olivine-type cathode material, LFP has low ionic and electronic conductivities, which limits the additional development of LFP batteries; its conductivity can be effectively improved by introducing graphite [31,32]. Overall, in addition to the high stability of LFP structure and the high conductivity of graphite, the composite electrode LFPG facilitates the lithiation/delithiation process at low voltages (<4.0 V) and can be used as an ideal cathode for new types of dual-ion batteries (DIBs), thus demonstrating excellent electrochemical performance [33,34]. Accordingly, the composites of LFP and graphite with different proportions were explored, and a hybrid material (LFPG) with optimal electrochemical performance at the ratio of 3:1 was obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A unique co-recovery strategy of cathode and anode from spent LiFePO4 battery

Meng

Zhao

et al. 2021

Sci. China Mater.

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Along with the explosive growth in the market of new energy electric vehicles, the demand for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) has correspondingly expanded. Given the limited life of LIBs, numbers of spent LIBs are bound to be produced. Because of the severe threats and challenges of spent LIBs to the environment, resources, and global sustainable development, the recycling and reuse of spent LIBs have become urgent. Herein, we propose a novel green and efficient direct recycling method, which realizes the concurrent reuse of LiFePO 4 (LFP) cathode and graphite anode from spent LFP batteries. By optimizing the proportion of LFP and graphite, a hybrid LFP/ graphite (LFPG) cathode was designed for a new type of dualion battery (DIB) that can achieve co-participation in the storage of both anions and cations. The hybrid LFPG cathode combines the excellent stability of LFP and the high conductivity of graphite to exhibit an extraordinary electrochemical performance. The best compound, i.e., LFP:graphite = 3:1, with the highest reversible capacity (~130 mA h g −1 at 25 mA g −1 ), high voltage platform of 4.95 V, and outstanding cycle performance, was achieved. The specific diffusion behavior of Li + and PF 6 − in the hybrid cathode was studied using electrode kinetic tests, further clarifying the working mechanism of DIBs. This study provides a new strategy toward the large-scale recycling of positive and negative electrodes of spent LIBs and establishes a precedent for designing new hybrid cathode materials for DIBs with superior performance using spent LIBs.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…4a) compared with the discharge capacity of the graphite cathode (~80 mA h g −1 , Fig. 4a) [33,49]. Second, as visualized in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A unique co-recovery strategy of cathode and anode from spent LiFePO4 battery

Meng

Zhao

et al. 2021

Sci. China Mater.

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“…Fortunately, the recent work by Lu et al successfully confining the LFP between the graphite layers has cleverly solved these problems, providing a reliable example of how to design the strong interface of practical bi-material electrodes for BSHDs. [236] Up to now, the techniques used for fabricating nanohybrid bi-material electrodes are still very limited in this early development stage, and it is still urgent to develop cost-effective and scalable electrode fabrication technologies. In addition, micrometer-sized materials especially b-type hybrid cathode materials with high electronic/ionic conductivity are highly required to boost the performance of BSHDs in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Design Principles of Battery‐Supercapacitor Hybrid Devices: From Fundamental Mechanisms to Microstructure Engineering and Challenging Perspectives

Xing

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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To this end, electrical energy storage (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors) has become a key supporting technology for the utilization of intermittent energy sources (e.g., sun, wind, nuclear energy). [3] Clearly, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are by far the most important electrochemical energy storage devices available for portable electronics, power tools, and electric vehicles on the market. However, LIBs suffer from the slow ion diffusion in electrode bulk, resulting in commercially achievable energy density of 80-270 W h kg −1 , and power density typically <1000 W kg −1 at the cell level. Thus this greatly restricts their fast-charge and high-power applications. [4] In contrast, supercapacitors can be charged within seconds and provide higher power density (≥10 kW kg −1 ), but the energy stored is ≈1-2 orders of magnitude less than LIBs (basically ≤ 10 Wh kg −1 ). [5][6][7] Therefore, both conventional batteries and supercapacitors can't fully satisfy certain application scenarios such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and regenerative braking energy harvesting, which require high energy density, high power density, and long-term cycle stability. To overcome this issue, the new-type BSHDs, as one of the key energy storage technologies in multi-scenario applications, are recently developed to balance the gap between batteries and supercapacitors, and can simultaneously realize the "double high" trend of high energy density and high power density. [4] Although BSHDs have made some progress in recent years through the modification of cathode materials, anode materials, and electrolytes, as well as the use of pre-lithiation or other techniques, the reported energy density of commercialized BSHDs is still lower than 30 Wh kg −1 , [8,9] and no significant breakthrough improvement in "double high" goal of "100 Wh kg −1 & 100 kW kg −1 " has been achieved. Therefore, how to further promote the high-quality development of BSHDs is still worthy of in-depth investigation by academics and industrial counterparts. [8] As shown in Figure 1, the hybridization of batteries and supercapacitors for BSHDs can be divided into four types, including external serial hybrids (ESHs), external parallel hybrids (EPHs), internal serial hybrids (ISHs), and internal parallel hybrids (IPHs). [10] Based on the hybridization mode, BSHDs can be divided into two types: simple physical

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“…1,2 As a classical cathode material, olivine-type lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 or LFP) has been considered as one of the most competitive cathode materials, mainly benefiting from its low cost, long cycle and high stability. [3][4][5] These features make the lithium iron phosphate battery occupy more than 32% of the whole LIB market share, primarily applied in electric storage system (ESS) and electric vehicles (EVs). It should be noted that the number of EVs alone on the way is expected to reach 253 million by 2030.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%