Graphene Transistors for Bioelectronics

Hess, Lucas H.; Seifert, Max; Garrido, José Antonio

doi:10.1109/jproc.2013.2261031

Cited by 116 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…This spatial profile can be understood by considering the transient and d.c. fields during the active immobilization process. As we apply the biases as prescribed above, transient electric fields and corresponding transient currents are formed globally across adjacent graphene sites in the bulk of the electrolyte, charging up the double-layer capacitances at the graphene-electrolyte interfaces 12,46 . This transient process is completed in ca.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the various nanomaterials capable of electrical biomolecular sensing, graphene is particularly well suited for parallel, multiplexed applications 11,12 , such as DNA microarrays (for which the currently dominant tool resorts to optical methods [13][14][15] ). This is because the large-area planar morphology of graphene-if, for example, grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD)-is amenable to top-down fabrication for defining a large array of FET sensor sites 7,12,16 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because the large-area planar morphology of graphene-if, for example, grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD)-is amenable to top-down fabrication for defining a large array of FET sensor sites 7,12,16 . In fact, graphene FET sensor arrays have been developed for pH monitoring and chemical sensing 6 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Electrophoretic and field-effect graphene for all-electrical DNA array technology

et al. 2014

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Field-effect transistor biomolecular sensors based on low-dimensional nanomaterials boast sensitivity, label-free operation and chip-scale construction. Chemical vapour deposition graphene is especially well suited for multiplexed electronic DNA array applications, since its large two-dimensional morphology readily lends itself to top-down fabrication of transistor arrays. Nonetheless, graphene field-effect transistor DNA sensors have been studied mainly at single-device level. Here we create, from chemical vapour deposition graphene, field-effect transistor arrays with two features representing steps towards multiplexed DNA arrays. First, a robust array yield-seven out of eight transistors-is achieved with a 100-fM sensitivity, on par with optical DNA microarrays and at least 10 times higher than prior chemical vapour deposition graphene transistor DNA sensors. Second, each graphene acts as an electrophoretic electrode for site-specific probe DNA immobilization, and performs subsequent site-specific detection of target DNA as a field-effect transistor. The use of graphene as both electrode and transistor suggests a path towards all-electrical multiplexed graphene DNA arrays.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Electrophoretic and field-effect graphene for all-electrical DNA array technology

et al. 2014

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“…[99] Fig. 7a illustrates a celltransistor measurement, [68] where a cell is located on the graphene surface. A constant bias voltage is applied to the drain and source electrodes (in gold yellow), bridged by a graphene conductive channel (in pink).…”

Section: Gfet Biological Cellular Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors

et al. 2016

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Abstract. 10Recent research trends now offer new opportunities for developing the next generations of label-free biochemical sensors using graphene and other two-dimensional materials. While the physics of graphene transistors operated in electrolyte is well grounded, important chemical challenges still remain to be addressed, namely the impact of the chemical functionalizations of graphene on the key electrical parameters and the sensing performances. In fact, graphene -at least ideal graphene -is highly chemically inert. The 15 functionalizations and chemical alterations of the graphene surface -both covalently and non-covalently -are crucial steps that define the sensitivity of graphene. The presence, reactivity, adsorption of gas and ions, proteins, DNA, cells and tissues on graphene have been successfully monitored with graphene. This review aims to unify most of the work done so far on biochemical sensing at the surface of a (chemically functionalized) graphene field-effect transistor and the challenges that lie ahead. We are convinced that graphene biochemical sensors 20 hold great promises to meet the ever-increasing demand for sensitivity, especially looking at the recent progresses suggesting that the obstacle of Debye screening can be overcome.2

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“…[10][11][12][13][14] Inherent to the high carrier mobility of graphene, GFETs feature a high transistor gain, resulting a large biomolecule-charge induced current change that benefits the real-time detection. 6,7,11,13,15 This current tracing approach allows researchers to study the molecular dynamics in a biological environment, and may help develop biotechnologies in real-time molecule detection and live cell imaging. 16,17 To date, GFETs have been made of a graphene sheet (GS-FET, ∼µm width) or a graphene nanoribbon (GNR-FET, ∼nm width) as the device channel, 18 which features two-dimensional and quasi-onedimensional transport, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%