Graphene quantum dots: Synthesis, optical properties and navigational applications against cancer

Kansara, Vrushti; Shukla, Rahul; Flora, S.J.S.; Bahadur, Pratap; Tiwari, Sanjay

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.103359

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 221 publications

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“…Third, the graphene quantum dots for light emission favor uniform dot size, thickness, and surface functional groups to achieve narrowband light emission of precise spectral selection. Indeed, graphene quantum dots become an important building block for sensing, − quantum telecommunication, , spin computation, and anticounterfeiting techniques. , The reproducibility from batch to batch remains a great challenge to achieve atomic-level uniformity and doping of graphene over a large area.…”

Section: Types and Synthesis Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Graphene in Five Senses, Nervous System, and Artificial Muscles

et al. 2023

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Graphene remains of great interest in biomedical applications because of biocompatibility. Diseases relating to human senses interfere with life satisfaction and happiness. Therefore, the restoration by artificial organs or sensory devices may bring a bright future by the recovery of senses in patients. In this review, we update the most recent progress in graphene based sensors for mimicking human senses such as artificial retina for image sensors, artificial eardrums, gas sensors, chemical sensors, and tactile sensors. The brain-like processors are discussed based on conventional transistors as well as memristor related neuromorphic computing. The brain−machine interface is introduced for providing a single pathway. Besides, the artificial muscles based on graphene are summarized in the means of actuators in order to react to the physical world. Future opportunities remain for elevating the performances of human-like sensors and their clinical applications.

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Section: Types and Synthesis Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Graphene in Five Senses, Nervous System, and Artificial Muscles

et al. 2023

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“…The main advantage of applying nanotechnology in medicine is the versatility of nanomaterials that may offer drug delivery, targeting, and detection capabilities. − Carbon-based nanomaterials often appear at the forefront of these applications. , The recent focus of carbon nanotechnology is geared toward graphene quantum dots (GQDs), composed of several layers of graphitic carbon with lateral sizes ∼10 nm. GQDs have attracted a significant interest in various biomedical applications due to their small size, structure, high biocompatibility, and optical properties. , For instance, modification of GQDs with ligands binding to specific receptors of interest can allow GQDs to accumulate selectively in the areas of interest. − GQDs may also serve as effective fluorophores due to the tunability and photostability of their fluorescence, which is utilized in vitro and in vivo. − Along with bioimaging, GQDs can provide therapeutic capabilities. For instance, folic acid-functionalized GQDs loaded with IR780 iodide can trigger HeLa cell death by photothermal effect .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Mode Fluorescence/Ultrasound Imaging with Biocompatible Metal-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots

Valimukhametova

Zub

Lee

et al. 2022

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Sonography offers many advantages over standard methods of diagnostic imaging due to its non-invasiveness, substantial tissue penetration depth, and low cost. The benefits of ultrasound imaging call for the development of ultrasound-trackable drug delivery vehicles that can address a variety of therapeutic targets. One disadvantage of the technique is the lack of highprecision imaging, which can be circumvented by complementing ultrasound contrast agents with visible and, especially, near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores. In this work, we, for the first time, develop a variety of lightly metal-doped (iron oxide, silver, thulium, neodymium, cerium oxide, cerium chloride, and molybdenum disulfide) nitrogen-containing graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) that demonstrate high-contrast properties in the ultrasound brightness mode and exhibit visible and/or near-infrared fluorescence imaging capabilities. NGQDs synthesized from glucosamine precursors with only a few percent metal doping do not introduce additional toxicity in vitro, yielding over 80% cell viability up to 2 mg/mL doses. Their small (<50 nm) sizes warrant effective cell internalization, while oxygen-containing surface functional groups decorating their surfaces render NGQDs water soluble and allow for the attachment of therapeutics and targeting agents. Utilizing visible and/or NIR fluorescence, we demonstrate that metal-doped NGQDs experience maximum accumulation within the HEK-293 cells 6−12 h after treatment. The successful 10-fold ultrasound signal enhancement is observed at 0.5−1.6 mg/mL for most metal-doped NGQDs in the vascular phantom, agarose gel, and animal tissue. A combination of non-invasive ultrasound imaging with capabilities of high-precision fluorescence tracking makes these metal-doped NGQDs a viable agent for a variety of theragnostic applications.

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“…For comparison, the bottom-up method uses small molecular substances as precursors and GQDs are produced through chemical fusion of precursors in microwave-assisted methods, hydrothermal or solvothermal processes, etc. [41][42][43][44] GQDs synthesized by this method have advantages of highly controllable morphology and size. Although there have been some reports of GQDs as nano-ECL emitters, most of them are based on cathodic electrochemiluminescence at lower negative potentials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%