Graphene quantum dots as nanoprobes for fluorescent detection of propofol in emulsions

Abstract

We report a new fluorescent detection method for propofol based on graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Citric acid (CA) was selected as the carbon precursor, and fluorescent GQDs were prepared by carbonizing CA. The product, which efficiently quenched the fluorescence of GQDs, could be obtained through the oxidation of propofol in the presence of horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. The fluorescence intensity ratio of GQDs (F/F0) was positively correlated with the concentration of propofol, which ranged within 5.34–89.07 mg l−1, the limit of detection was 0.5 mg l−1 and the limit of quantity was 5.34 mg l−1. The developed fluorescence method reported in the present study is simple, sensitive, reproducible, and can serve in determining propofol contents in emulsions.

Propofol detection for monitoring of intravenous anaesthesia: a review

“…This quinone will quench the natural fluorescence of the quantum dots, allowing for the detection of propofol to a limit of 0.5 μg/ml with a linear range of 5.34 to 89.07 μg/ml. This method was developed for the detection of propofol in emulsions [ 43 ].…”

New Trends in Fluorescent Nanomaterials-Based Bio/Chemical Sensors for Neurohormones Detection─A Review

“…Examples of methods for the synthesis of GQDs are presented in Table 4 . 90 , 93 Optical sensors based on GQDs have been used to detect, for instance, metal ions (such as copper(II), 94 iron(III), 96 and mercury(II) 97 ) or organic compounds (e.g., pyrene, 95 propofol, 98 and glucose 99 ).…”

Nanomaterials for Healthcare Biosensing Applications

“…A broad spectrum of compounds that find applications in healthcare diagnosis and POC analysis of diseases can be detected with such biosensor materials [22]. Carbon allotrope-based nanomaterials consisting of fullerenes, [23,24,25,26,27] nanotubes (CNT) [28,29,30,31,32,33], films of graphene and its derivatives [34,35,36,37], quantum dots [38,39,40,41], and nanodiamonds [42,43,44,45,46,47] play a substantial role in recent advancements in the biosensor domain. In addition to greater sensitivity and novel mechanisms, such sensors offer a higher spatial resolution in case of localised detection along with real-time and label-free non-destructive sensing.…”

“…GO, RGO, and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are the most essential graphene derivatives employed in the biosensing field [95,96]. Graphene-based biosensors are highly versatile and can be used for the detection of cysteine [70,97,98,99,100], glycaemic biomarkers [58], cholesterol [2], neurotransmitters [60,64], H 2 O 2 [101], cancer cells [102], nucleic acids [2], pharmaceutical drugs [39], and infectious bacteria [96].…”

“…Due to the high electroactive surface area and exceptional electrical conductivity, the sensor displayed a low detection limit of 4 nM and a broad linear response in the range of 0.005 μM–3.5 mM. Diao and co-workers monitored propofol, an intravenous anaesthetic agent, in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and H 2 O 2 using fluorescent GQDs derived from the carbonisation of citric acid [39]. The optical sensor determined propofol in a range of 5.34–89.07 mg L −1 with an LOD of 0.5 mg L −1 .…”