Graphene platform for neural regenerative medicine

Seo

J Biomedical Materials Res

et al. 2017

Graphene is a noncytotoxic monolayer platform with unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. It has been demonstrated that graphene substrate may provide a promising biocompatible scaffold for stem cell therapy. Because chemical vapor deposited graphene has a two dimensional polycrystalline structure, it is important to control the individual domain size to obtain desirable properties for nano-material. However, the biological effects mediated by differences in domain size of graphene have not yet been reported. On the basis of the control of graphene domain achieved by one-step growth (1step-G, small domain) and two-step growth (2step-G, large domain) process, we found that the neuronal differentiation of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) highly depended on the graphene domain size. The defects at the domain boundaries in 1step-G graphene was higher (38.5) and had a relatively low (13% lower) contact angle of water droplet than 2step-G graphene, leading to enhanced cellsubstrate adhesion and upregulated neuronal differentiation of hMSCs. We confirmed that the strong interactions between cells and defects at the domain boundaries in 1step-G graphene can be obtained due to their relatively high surface energy, which is stronger than interactions between cells and graphene surfaces. Our results may provide valuable information on the development of graphene-based scaffold by understanding which properties of graphene domain influence cell adhesion efficacy and stem cell differentiation.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Neuronal differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in response to the domain size of graphene substrates

Seo

J Biomedical Materials Res

et al. 2017

J Biomedical Materials Res

“…These features allow the GO and the various GO‐based composites to play a significant role in medical and biological applications (Bitounis, Ali‐Boucetta, Hong, Min, & Kostarelos, ; Sanchez, Jachak, Hurt, & Kane, ), such as tissue engineering (Goenka, Sant, & Sant, ; Ku, Lee, & Park, ; Zhao et al, ), drug delivery carriers (Bao et al, ; Goenka et al, ), cellular imaging (Zhao et al, ), biosensor (Liu, Yu, Zeng, Miao, & Dai, ), and antibacterial material (Akhavan & Ghaderi, ; Hu et al, ). In particular, the potential of these nanomaterials has attracted significant attention for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (Bouzid, Sinitskii, & Lim, ). For this purpose, recently, several research investigations have been devoted to the fabrication of GO reinforced hydroxyapatite (HAp) biocomposites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ syntheses of hydroxyapatite‐grafted graphene oxide composites

Iacoboni

Perrozzi

Macera

et al. 2019

In this study, we examined three different syntheses of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and graphene oxide–hydroxyapatite (GO–HAp) composites with a GO content of 9, 33, and 43% wt. The materials were prepared from various precursors of calcium and phosphate ions, using an in situ synthesis method, with mild conditions to avoid reducing the GO. In situ bonding technology proposed that calcium ions bond with GO at first and then HAp nanoflakes in situ grow on GO sheets, forming GO–HAp nanocomposite. The aim of the present work was to analyze the differences due to the use of different starting reagents and verify, with the addition of increasing amounts of GO, the changes in morphology, crystallinity, and solubility of the obtained HAp composites. Detailed structural and morphological characterization studies of the composites were carried out using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, X‐ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We found that GO sheets act as a nucleation site for HAp mineralization, but we observed a loss of the crystallographic order due to the intercalation of the graphenic sheets between the HAp particles.

Macromolecular Bioscience

“…PCL is a bioresorbable and biocompatible polyester with a large list of FDA‐approved biomedical devices that can help mitigate the cytocompatibility and resorbability problems associated with graphene‐based nanomaterials. The introduction of graphene nanomaterials reinforces the polymer matrix, and may contribute to enhance the electrical properties of the polymer‐graphene composites, thus stimulating neural cell differentiation for neural tissue engineering . For example, Song et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidences of the Effect of GO and rGO in PCL Membranes on the Differentiation and Maturation of Human Neural Progenitor Cells

Sánchez-González

Diban

Bianchi

et al. 2018

The effect of doping graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) into poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) membranes prepared by solvent induced phase separation is evaluated in terms of nanomaterial distribution and compatibility with neural stem cell growth and functional differentiation. Raman spectra analyses demonstrate the homogeneous distribution of GO on the membrane surface while rGO concentration increases gradually toward the center of the membrane thickness. This behavior is associated with electrostatic repulsion that PCL exerted toward the polar GO and its affinity for the non‐polar rGO. In vitro cell studies using human induced pluripotent cell derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) show that rGO increases marker expression of NPCs differentiation with respect to GO (significantly to tissue culture plate (TCP)). Moreover, the distinctive nanomaterials distribution defines the cell‐to‐nanomaterial interaction on the PCL membranes: GO nanomaterials on the membrane surface favor higher number of active matured neurons, while PCL/rGO membranes present cells with significantly higher magnitude of neural activity compared to TCP and PCL/GO despite there being no direct contact of rGO with the cells on the membrane surface. Overall, this work evidences the important role of rGO electrical properties on the stimulation of neural cell electro‐activity on PCL membrane scaffolds.