“…However, pure laminar GO membranes usually show low water flux. − How to improve the water flux of GO-based membranes without sacrificing the rejection rate is crucial for designing the NF membrane devices. Inserting a suitable amount of intercalation materials, including zero-dimensional (0D) materials such as quantum dots, one-dimensional (1D) materials such as Fe 3 O 4 , SiO 2 , TiO 2 nanoparticles, , oxidized carbon nanotubes (OCNTs), − 2D materials such as boron nitride (BN) and MoS 2 , and three-dimensional (3D) materials such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), − into the interlayer channels to enlarge the interlayer distances has become an effective strategy to enhance water permeance. For example, Jin et al enlarged the interlayer distances to enhance the water flux by uniformly in situ-growing the Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles on the plane of the GO nanosheet.…”