Graphene Oxide Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Novel Adsorbents for Solid-Phase Microextraction for Selective Determination of Norfloxacin in the Marine Environment

Abstract

In this study, a novel sample pretreatment strategy of solid-phase microextraction using graphene oxide molecularly imprinted polymers as adsorbents coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was developed to detect norfloxacin in the marine environment. As a carrier, the imprinted polymers were synthesized by precipitation polymerization with graphene oxide. Compared with graphene oxide non-imprinted polymers, the graphene oxide molecularly imprinted polymers exhibited higher adsorption capacity towards norfloxacin. The synthesized polymeric materials were packed into a molecularly imprinted solid-phase microextraction cartridge, and critical parameters affecting the extraction process were optimized. Under the optimized molecular imprinted solid-phase microextraction condition, the proposed method was applied to the analysis of norfloxacin for seawater and fish with satisfactory recovery (90.1–102.7%) and low relative standard deviation (2.06–5.29%, n = 3). The limit of detection was 0.15 μg L−1 and 0.10 μg kg−1 for seawater and fish, respectively. The study revealed that the proposed molecularly imprinted solid-phase microextraction represents an attractive sample pretreatment strategy for the analysis of norfloxacin in the marine environment.

Application of molecular imprinting technology based on new nanomaterials in adsorption and detection of fluoroquinolones

“…However, GO and rGO are toxic, damaging to cells and polluting the environment, so GO and rGO should be used appropriately. Chen et al 75 used GO MIPs as adsorbents to detect NOR in the marine environment by solid-phase microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography. The method was then applied to analyze NOR in seawater and sh with the recoveries of 90.1-102.7%.…”

“…Chen et al 75 used GO MIPs as adsorbents to detect NOR in the marine environment by solid-phase microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography. The method was then applied to analyze NOR in seawater and fish with the recoveries of 90.1–102.7%.…”

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Nanoporous Carbon Nanocomposite for Effective Adsorption of Hg(II) Ions from Aqueous Suspensions

“…However, after 60 min, the increase in adsorption efficiency began to decrease. After 60 min, it was discovered that the increments were negligibly small as the system approached equilibrium [56]. It has been reported that polymeric adsorbent composites have a very fast equilibrium compared to other adsorbents, which can take several days to reach equilibrium [57].…”

A multi-site recognition molecularly imprinted solid-phase microextraction fiber for selective enrichment of three cross-class environmental endocrine disruptors

“…[28][29][30][31][32] Recently, a novel SPME sample pretreatment strategy was developed for the detection of norfloxacin in the marine environment by preparing graphene oxide molecularly imprinted polymers and then loading the polymers onto molecularly imprinted solid phase microextraction columns. 33 In addition, MIP-SPME is highly sensitive and convenient for the selective and high-throughput determination of various organophosphate flame retardants at trace levels in environmental matrices. 25 However, MIP-SPME is typically prepared using a single template, thus resulting in the selective recognition of only pre-concentrated single or a group of structurally analogous compounds.…”