Graphene oxide-iron oxide nanocomposite as an inhibitor of Aβ 42 amyloid peptide aggregation

Nanomaterials for Modulating the Aggregation of β-Amyloid Peptides

“…The result showed that the GO/AuNPs nanocomposites not only reduced Aβ 1–42 aggregation and cytotoxicity but also led to the deploymerization of amyloid fibrils and inhibition of their cellular cytotoxicity. In addition, Ahmad et al reported that a GO–Fe 4 O 4 nanocomposite showed the enhanced inhibitory effect of Aβ 1–42 peptides and depolymerized Aβ 1–42 fibrils ( Figure 4 C) [ 77 ].…”

“…( C ) Schematic representation of the (a) preparation of GOIO and (b) modulation of Aβ 1–42 aggregation using GOIO. Reprinted with permission from reference [ 77 ]. Copyright 2012 Elsevier.…”

Graphene‐Based Nanotechnology in Neurodegenerative Disorders

“…These nanostructures, mostly metal‐based, can have various sizes and morphologies (e.g., nanoflakes or nanowires) and exhibit properties such as large surface areas, magnetism, and high electron transfer rates, resulting in nanocomposites with enhanced/combined properties. These combinations lead to improved therapeutic outcomes [ 47 ] and enhanced sensitivity and selectivity [ 48,49 ] in the various diagnostic products.…”

“…In addition, the increase in the nerve growth factor and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, the increase in the dendritic spines of the mice’ brains, and the demonstrated neurogenic effect suggested the potential use of this system for AD therapy. Following the same rationale, [ 47 ] it was shown that GOIO nanocomposites reduce the amyloid peptide aggregation due to the reduced hydrophobic interactions among the fibrils that the nanocomposite induces. Moreover, the nanocomposite dissociated preformed Aβ 42 fibrils, minimizing the induced toxicity to neuroblastoma cells.…”

“…[ 90 ] In the first case, nanosized GO (10–40 nm) did not present any cytotoxicity on SH‐SY5Y after 24 h for a concentration up to 200 μg ml −1 , [ 62 ] whereas rGO nanoflakes of average size 170–220 nm demonstrated low cytotoxicity (up to 20%) on PC‐12 cells after the 5th day of treatment. [ 30 ] In a different study where GO nanosheets (thickness: 2.23 and 4.20 nm, size: 615–814 nm, z = −25,8 mV) were used to treat mouse embryonic SCs, the biocompatibility studies demonstrated that the nanosheets are not toxic up to a concentration of 32 μg ml −1 after 48 h. [ 101 ] Concerning composites such as the presented GO/iron oxide and GO/graphitic carbon nitride, the data showed increased toxicity for concentrations higher than 2.5 μg ml −1 on SH‐SY5Y, [ 47 ] and higher than 100 μg ml −1 on PC‐12 cells, [ 65 ] respectively. In a different approach, a hydrogel‐based composite consisting of GO functionalized with acetylcholine and poly (acrylic acid) showed no toxicity on PC‐12 derived neurons at a concentration of up to 200 μg ml −1 for 7 days and almost 100% viability on primary rat cortical neurons for 14 days.…”