Graphene Oxide Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis Via The ROS-Dependent AMPK/mTOR/ULK-1 Pathway in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Shen, Jiamen; Dong, Jiatian; Shao, Feng; Zhao, Jichun; Gong, Ling; Wang, Huipeng; Chen, Wenjie; Zhang, Yafei; Cai, Yuankun

doi:10.2217/nnm-2022-0030

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…However, in the case of MGN, cell death may be activated by the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway to a greater extent than for MGO, which may mean that M has a greater effect on intracellular structures than it does in a complex with GO. Other studies have linked GO as a vehicle that binds to a cell's death receptor and activates the extracellular apoptosis pathway [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Melittin Complexes with Graphene and Graphene Oxide on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Tumors Grown on Chicken Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane

Daniluk

Lange

Wójcik

et al. 2023

IJMS

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One of the components of bee venom is melittin (M), which has strong lysing properties on membranes. M has high toxicity to cancer cells, but it also affects healthy cells, making it necessary to use methods for targeted delivery to ensure treatment. This research is a continuation of previous studies using graphene nanomaterials as M carriers to breast cancer cells. The studies described below are conducted on a more organized biological structure than what is found in vitro cells, namely, cancerous tumors grown on a chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane. Caspase 3 and 8 levels are analyzed, and the level of oxidative stress markers and changes in protein expression for cytokines are examined. The results show that M complexes with nanomaterials reduce the level of oxidative stress more than M alone does, but the use of graphene (GN) as a carrier increases the level of DNA damage to a greater extent than the increase caused by M alone. An analysis of cytokine levels shows that the use of the M and GN complex increases the level of proteins responsible for inhibiting tumor progression to a greater extent than the increase occasioned by a complex with graphene oxide (GO). The results suggest that the use of GN as an M carrier may increase the toxic effect of M on structures located inside a cell.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Melittin Complexes with Graphene and Graphene Oxide on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Tumors Grown on Chicken Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane

Daniluk

Lange

Wójcik

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…When graphene nanoparticles are loaded with autophagy inhibitors, they can also exert an autophagy inhibitory effect by blocking autophagy flux and inducing the accumulation of autophagosomes in cells ( 116 ). Graphene oxide can also induce autophagic death of HCT116 cells by activating the ROS-dependent AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway, thereby exerting obvious anti-colorectal cancer effects both in vivo and in vitro ( 72 ). And it can also synergize with cisplatin to significantly enhance the initiation and progression of autophagy in Skov-3 cells, enhance the toxicity of cisplatin to colon cancer cells, and mediate cell necrosis ( 117 ).…”

Section: Nanodrugs Exert Cancer Therapeutic Effects Through Autophagy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomedicine for cancer targeted therapy with autophagy regulation

He,

Chen,

Liu

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Nanoparticles have unique physical and chemical properties and are currently widely used in disease diagnosis, drug delivery, and new drug development in biomedicine. In recent years, the role of nanomedical technology in cancer treatment has become increasingly obvious. Autophagy is a multi-step degradation process in cells and an important pathway for material and energy recovery. It is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. Because nanomaterials are highly targeted and biosafe, they can be used as carriers to deliver autophagy regulators; in addition to their favorable physicochemical properties, nanomaterials can be employed to carry autophagy inhibitors, reducing the breakdown of chemotherapy drugs by cancer cells and thereby enhancing the drug’s efficacy. Furthermore, certain nanomaterials can induce autophagy, triggering oxidative stress-mediated autophagy enhancement and cell apoptosis, thus constraining the progression of cancer cells.There are various types of nanoparticles, including liposomes, micelles, polymers, metal-based materials, and carbon-based materials. The majority of clinically applicable drugs are liposomes, though other materials are currently undergoing continuous optimization. This review begins with the roles of autophagy in tumor treatment, and then focuses on the application of nanomaterials with autophagy-regulating functions in tumor treatment.

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“…Thus, graphene oxide has obvious anti-cancer effects, which seems to be mostly achieved by induction of autophagic death of HCT116 cells and activation of the ROS-dependent AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. 51 , 53 …”

Section: Graphene and Graphene Derivatives In Oncologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“… [ 48 ] GO HCT116 GO exerts anticancer effects against Colorectal cancer via ROS-dependent AMPK/mTOR/ULK-1 pathway-related autophagy and apoptosis. [ 51 ] rGO MDA-MB-231, ZR-75-1 and fibroblasts cells RGO can induce cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 and ZR-75-1 cell lines but not in human skin fibroblasts. The antiproliferative effect of rGO is associated with a decrease in MMP, increased autophagy and cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells.…”

Section: Summary and Future Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Chasing Graphene-Based Anticancer Drugs: Where are We Now on the Biomedical Graphene Roadmap?

Uzdrowska,

Knap,

Gulczynski

et al. 2024

IJN

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Graphene and graphene-based materials have attracted growing interest for potential applications in medicine because of their good biocompatibility, cargo capability and possible surface functionalizations. In parallel, prototypic graphene-based devices have been developed to diagnose, imaging and track tumor growth in cancer patients. There is a growing number of reports on the use of graphene and its functionalized derivatives in the design of innovative drugs delivery systems, photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapy, and as a platform to combine multiple therapies. The aim of this review is to introduce the latest scientific achievements in the field of innovative composite graphene materials as potentially applied in cancer therapy. The “Technology and Innovation Roadmap” published in the Graphene Flagship indicates, that the first anti-cancer drugs using graphene and graphene-derived materials will have appeared on the market by 2030. However, it is necessary to broaden understanding of graphene-based material interactions with cellular metabolism and signaling at the functional level, as well as toxicity. The main aspects of further research should elucidate how treatment methods (e.g., photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, combination therapy) and the physicochemical properties of graphene materials influence their ability to modulate autophagy and kill cancer cells. Interestingly, recent scientific reports also prove that graphene nanocomposites modulate cancer cell death by inducing precise autophagy dysfunctions caused by lysosome damage. It turns out as well that developing photothermal oncological treatments, it should be taken into account that near-infrared-II radiation (1000–1500 nm) is a better option than NIR-I (750–1000 nm) because it can penetrate deeper into tissues due to less scattering at longer wavelengths radiation.

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Graphene Oxide Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis Via The ROS-Dependent AMPK/mTOR/ULK-1 Pathway in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Cited by 15 publications

References 62 publications

Effect of Melittin Complexes with Graphene and Graphene Oxide on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Tumors Grown on Chicken Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane

Effect of Melittin Complexes with Graphene and Graphene Oxide on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Tumors Grown on Chicken Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane

Nanomedicine for cancer targeted therapy with autophagy regulation

Chasing Graphene-Based Anticancer Drugs: Where are We Now on the Biomedical Graphene Roadmap?

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