Graphene Oxide Filled Nanocomposite with Novel Electrical and Dielectric Properties

Wang, Zepu; Nelson, J. K.; Hillborg, Henrik; Zhao, Su; Schadler, Linda S.

doi:10.1002/adma.201200827

Cited by 193 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The non-linear resistivity is in the same range as previously reported data of a silicone rubber filled with 3 wt.% rGO [6]. When 3 wt.% as received GO was added, the composite showed a high resistivity (1.3 × 10 15 ohm m).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…By careful control of the particle size distribution, particle dispersion and inter-particle distance between semiconducting nanoparticles in a polymer matrix, the non-linear resistivity of the material can be controlled by varying the applied electric field [4,5]. Resistive field grading materials can also be manufactured by adding thermally reduced graphene oxide to a polymer matrix [6]. Thanks to the high aspect ratio of the graphene oxide sheets, a percolated network structure can be obtained with very low filler content (<5 wt%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electric Field Grading Material Based on Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide

Gedde

Hillborg³

2017

NORD-IS

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Silicone rubber filled with low amounts of thermally reduced graphene oxide exhibit non-linear conductivity with exposed to increased electric fields. Such material can be interesting as electric field grading material in HVDC cable accessories. In this study graphene oxide was thermally reduced (rGO) at 120 and 180 °C during 12 hours in a hot air oven. The reduction was confirmed by TGA and FTIR. 3 wt.% rGO was then dispersed in a silicone rubber matrix and homogenous dispersion was demonstrated by the scanning electron microscopy. The rGO-filled silicone rubber (120 and 180 °C reduced) exhibited a non-linear resistivity when exposed to an increasing electric (DC) field. The conductivity decreased from 10 14 to 10 11 Ohm m when the electric field increasing from 0.2 to 6 kV/mm. The onset of the non-linear conduction occurred in the range of 1 -2 kV/mm. The long-term stability of the conductivity of the silicone rubber composite was tested. After 47 days ageing at 120 °C, therGO/silicone rubber composite exhibited a slight increase in the onset of non-linear conduction, as well as a minor increase in resistivity.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Field Grading Material Based on Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide

Gedde

Hillborg³

2017

NORD-IS

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“…Meanwhile, the loss factor increases moderately fro m 0.03 to 0.04 at 1 kHz. As reported by Wang et al [37], fillers with higher aspect ratio can increase the dielectric constant more efficiently. The increase of dielectric constant in percolative composites can be explained by a microcapacitor network model [38]: neighboring high aspect ratio conductive fillers can be considered as electrodes and a thin layer of poly mer between them acts as the dielectric, forming nu merous microcapacitors in the composite.…”

Section: Properties Of Go-aptes/nbr Co Mpositesmentioning

confidence: 82%

γ-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane functionalized graphene oxide for composites with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss

Zhi

Mao

et al. 2015

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

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“…This obvious change in the size distribution indicated that GO was functionalized on the surfaces, with the resulting rGO leading to an increased Brownian motion rate after the reduction process. 60 Since the particles in the DLS analysis were assumed to be spherical, and could only be used to reflect the trend of changes in the size of graphene, the DLS results can reveal only the size differences between GO and rGO. 38, 60 Stankovich et al 13 reported that functionalized graphene nanoplates treated with isocyanate produce a DLS peak of 560±60 nm, which is not their average dimension but rather the effective hydrodynamic diameter of an equivalent sphere described by the tumbling of the platelets.…”

Section: Size Distribution Analysis Of Go and Gergo By Dynamic Light mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, as shown in Figure 3, GO had very strong peaks at 3,330 cm −1 (O-H), attributed to the water molecules, whereas, in the GE-rGO sample, the intensities of the bands associated with the oxygen functional groups were significantly decreased. 32,35,[56][57][58][59][60] XPs analysis of gO and ge-rgO XPS is a valuable technique for determining the elemental composition, empirical formula, chemical state, and electronic state of elements. 31 XPS was used to investigate chemical analysis of GO and GE-rGO.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An in vitro evaluation of graphene oxide reduced by Ganoderma spp. in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231)

Gurunathan¹,

Han²,

Park³

et al. 2014

IJN

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Background Recently, graphene and graphene-related materials have attracted much attention due their unique properties, such as their physical, chemical, and biocompatibility properties. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxic effects of graphene oxide (GO) that is reduced biologically using Ganoderma spp. mushroom extracts in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Methods Herein, we describe a facile and green method for the reduction of GO using extracts of Ganoderma spp. as a reducing agent. GO was reduced without any hazardous chemicals in an aqueous solution, and the reduced GO was characterized using a range of analytical procedures. The Ganoderma extract (GE)-reduced GO (GE-rGO) was characterized by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, the toxicity of GE-rGO was evaluated using a sequence of assays such as cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase leakage, and reactive oxygen species generation in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Results The preliminary characterization of reduction of GO was confirmed by the red-shifting of the absorption peak for GE-rGO to 265 nm from 230 nm. The size of GO and GE-rGO was found to be 1,880 and 3,200 nm, respectively. X-ray diffraction results confirmed that reduction processes of GO and the processes of removing intercalated water molecules and the oxide groups. The surface functionalities and chemical natures of GO and GE-rGO were confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The surface morphologies of the synthesized graphene were analyzed using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy revealed single- and multilayer properties of GE-rGO. Atomic force microscopy images provided evidence for the formation of graphene. Furthermore, the effect of GO and GE-rGO was examined using a series of assays, such as cell viability, membrane integrity, and reactive oxygen species generation, which are key molecules involved in apoptosis. The results obtained from cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase assay suggest that GO and GE-rGO cause dose-dependent toxicity in the cells. Interestingly, it was found that biologically derived GE-rGO is more toxic to cancer cells than GO. Conclusion We describe a simple, green, nontoxic, and cost-effective approach to producing graphene using mushroom extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The proposed method could enable synthesis of graphene with potential biological and biomedical applications such as in cancer and angiogenic disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first report using mushroom extract as a reducing agent for the synthesis of graphene. Mushroom...

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Graphene Oxide Filled Nanocomposite with Novel Electrical and Dielectric Properties

Cited by 193 publications

References 16 publications

Electric Field Grading Material Based on Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide

Electric Field Grading Material Based on Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide

γ-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane functionalized graphene oxide for composites with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss

An in vitro evaluation of graphene oxide reduced by Ganoderma spp. in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231)

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