Graphene oxide-Fe3O4 nanoparticle composite with high transverse proton relaxivity value for magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract

The potential of graphene oxide–Fe3O4 nanoparticle (GO-Fe3O4) composite as an image contrast enhancing material in magnetic resonance imaging has been investigated. Proton relaxivity values were obtained in three different homogeneous dispersions of GO-Fe3O4 composites synthesized by precipitating Fe3O4 nanoparticles in three different reaction mixtures containing 0.01 g, 0.1 g, and 0.2 g of graphene oxide. A noticeable difference in proton relaxivity values was observed between the three cases. A comprehensive structural and magnetic characterization revealed discrete differences in the extent of reduction of the graphene oxide and spacing between the graphene oxide sheets in the three composites. The GO-Fe3O4 composite framework that contained graphene oxide with least extent of reduction of the carboxyl groups and largest spacing between the graphene oxide sheets provided the optimum structure for yielding a very high transverse proton relaxivity value. It was found that the GO-Fe3O4 composites possessed good biocompatibility with normal cell lines, whereas they exhibited considerable toxicity towards breast cancer cells.

Incorporation of Graphene Quantum Dots, Iron, and Doxorubicin in/on Ferritin Nanocages for Bimodal Imaging and Drug Delivery

“…It demonstrates an increase of 0.03 nm in the interlayer spacing of encapsulated GQDs compared to free GQDs, which can be explained by incorporation of iron molecules within the layers of GQDs and formation of metal complexes with functional groups of GQDs . Increase in the interlayer spacing of graphene layers after incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles was also evidenced in other investigations . Additionally, a broadening in the (002) peak of GQDs was observed, which might be due to the lattice distortion in the staking order of graphene layers …”

“…[45] Increase in the interlayer spacing of graphene layers after incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles was also evidenced in other investigations. [49] Additionally, a broadening in the (002) peak of GQDs was observed, which might be due to the lattice distortion in the staking order of graphene layers. [50] The HRTEM image of GQDs in Figure 2b confirms the high crystallinity of GQD sheets with lattice spacing of 0.33 and 0.275 nm, which correspond to the interlayer distance and in-plane lattice spacing of graphitic carbon, respectively.…”

GO-Fe3O4 Nanoparticle Composite for Selective Targeting of Cancer Cells

“…Thus graphene oxide can be used as an effective non-toxic therapeutic agent for killing cancer stem cells through differentiation based nanotherapy. In one of our earlier studies, we have shown that arrangement of ferrite nanoparticles on the graphene oxide sheet can affect the contrast enhancing ability in MRI [10]. We have also shown that the cytotoxicity behavior of various cell lines differs with respect to the arrangement of nanoparticles and interlayer distance between the graphene oxide layers.…”

A Study on the Fused Deposition Modeling Process of Graphene/Nano-Fe3O4 Composite Absorber and its Absorbing Properties of Electromagnetic Microwave

“…Since the graphene/PLA composite absorber does not have magnetism, it does not participate in the comparison. As shown in Figure 10a, as the frequency increases, the real part of the complex permeability gradually decreases, because the magnetization speed of the nano-Fe 3 O 4 in the composite absorber cannot keep up with the speed of the magnetic field change, resulting in the magnetization relaxation phenomenon [19]. The complex permeability of the graphene/nano-Fe 3 O 4 /PLA composite absorber is higher than that of the nano-Fe 3 O 4 /PLA composite absorber, because in addition to the magnetic effect of nano-Fe 3 O 4 , the graphene/nano-Fe 3 O 4 /PLA composite absorber has a synergistic effect between graphene and nano-Fe 3 O 4 [20].…”