Graphene oxide decreases the effects of salt stress on Persian clover seed germination

Avaliação do óxido de grafeno como atenuador do efeito tóxico do alumínio na germinação de sementes de trevo persa

“…Their development is aggravated by toxic levels of aluminum, manganese, and phosphorus deficiencies. Associated with this, previous studies have shown that GO has low ecotoxicity [5,6,8], raising the hypothesis that it may mitigate to the toxic effect of Al on seed germination. Considering that, so far, the studies on the phytotoxicity of isolated GO do not provide an understanding of the potential interactions of GO with other contaminants in the environment [12], the purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of GO on the germination of Persian clover seeds (Trifolium resupinatum L.) and its possible attenuating effect on Al stress.…”

“…In another report, Kaymak et al (2022) [6], analyzed different doses of GO (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 mg mL -1 ) under saline stress (0, 5, 10, and 15 g L -1 ) verified that the effect of GO impacted on melon seed germination (Cucumis melo L.) based to the concentrations. Furthermore, the simultaneous application of GO and sodium chloride favored the germination of Persian clover seeds [8].…”

“…The functional groups of GO are shown in Figure 1b. According to the FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) a large signal at 3405 cm -1 related to the stretching vibration of OH groups [8]. The bands around 1734.02, 1650.71, 1342.65, and 1050 cm -1 correspond respectively to the C=O stretch vibration, C=C, C-OH, and C-O bonds [17].…”

“…However, its increased use in recent years has raised concerns about its potential biological and environmental risk [7], justifying a wide investigation regarding toxicity and safety assessments [8]. Studies on its positive or negative impacts on plants, as well as its possible role as an attenuator of stress caused by chemical elements are insufficient and sometimes controversial, for example, aluminum, which in excess, becomes toxic to plants and the surrounding environment.…”