Graphene Oxide and Vermiculite Clay Combinations to Produce Enhanced Flame Retardant Polypropylene Composite with Low Magnesium Hydroxide Loading

Amador‐Noya, José Victor; Sánchez-Valdés, S.; Valle, Luis Francisco Ramos‐de; Valle‐Orta, Maiby; Borjas‐Ramos, José Javier; Beltrán-Ramírez, F. I.; Valera-Zaragoza, M.; Rodríguez-González, J. Alberto; Flores‐Flores, Rodolfo; Saldivar-Guerrero, R.; Ibarra-Alonso, M.C.; Cabrera-Álvarez, Edgar N.

doi:10.1002/vnl.21773

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is a popular coating technique in which cationic and anionic polymers or nanoparticles are alternately deposited onto a substrate and typically held together via electrostatic interaction. Coatings deposited by this method have had tremendous success in increasing the fire protection of foam by using a variety of polyelectrolytes in conjunction with nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and vermiculite clay. − These materials not only reduce the flammability of the material but can also reduce the smoke production the occurs during the burning process, even after condition. − Additionally, coated foams have been shown to maintain effective FR behavior following compression testing that restores flexibility (in cases where the coating adds stiffness) . While LbL deposition is a relatively simple process, it can require an impractical number of processing steps to achieve effective FR behavior, which limits its commercial potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay-Filled Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanocoating for Flame-Retardant Polyurethane Foam

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polyurethane foam (PUF) is a highly flammable material typically used for cushioning in furniture and automobiles. A polyelectrolyte complex coating containing polyethylenimine, ammonium polyphosphate, and halloysite clay was applied to PUF using a two-step deposition process in an attempt to reduce its flammability. Electron microscopy confirms that this conformal thin film preserves the porous morphology of the foam and adds 20% to the foam’s weight. Directly exposing coated foam to a butane torch flame yields a 73% residue after burning while keeping the internal structure of the foam intact. Cone calorimetry reveals a 52.5% reduction in the peak heat release rate (pkHRR) of the clay-based coating compared to that of the uncoated foam. This significant reduction in pkHRR and preservation of the porous structure of the foam highlights the utility of this easy-to-deposit, environmentally benign treatment to reduce the foam’s flammability.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay-Filled Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanocoating for Flame-Retardant Polyurethane Foam

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The APM60 sample (Figure 11B) has a large amount of carbonized residue (40.16%), but the structure of residual carbon has obvious shrinkage compared with the original size, and there are a large number of pores and cracks on the surface, which was similar to previous report. [ 63 ] However, compared to APM60, the APM50P10 (Figure 11C) and APM40P20 (Figure 11D) composite aerogels have higher residue amounts of 45.16% and 47.22%, respectively, which can be attributed to more mass loss in the decomposition of MH to produce MgO and H 2 O. In addition, it is noteworthy that the introduction of Pal resulted in the maintenance of a more stable structure of the char layer after combustion, especially for the APM40P20 sample, which did not show a large degree of volume shrinkage and showed a significant decrease in the number of surface cracks and pores.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile construction of flame‐retardant, heat‐insulating agar/polyvinyl alcohol composite aerogels via in situ formation of magnesium hydroxide and palygorskite‐assisted strategy

Guo

Xia

Chen

et al. 2022

Vinyl Additive Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Natural polymer aerogel is a candidate material with broad application prospects in the field of building insulation because of its lightweight, low thermal conductivity, and biodegradability. However, poor mechanical properties and easy combustion greatly limit its development. In this work, magnesium hydroxide (MH) was synthesized in situ in the agar (AG)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites using magnesium oxide as raw material. Furthermore, the one-dimensional rod-like nanoclay palygorskite (Pal) was introduced into the composites. A series of composite aerogels with different ratios of MH and Pal were prepared by a simple freeze-drying process, and their microstructure, mechanical properties, water resistance, thermal stability, thermal insulation, and flame-retardant properties were investigated. Cone calorimeter tests showed that MH/Pal synergistic flame retardant had excellent performance in reducing heat release rate and suppressing smoke. The AG/PVA/MH/Pal composite samples had a limiting oxygen index of 37.5% and achieved V-0 rating in the UL-94 test. In addition, the introduction of MH and Pal has enabled the AG/PVA composite aerogels to exhibit superior mechanical, thermal insulation, and water stability properties. K E Y W O R D Sflame-retardant polymer, in situ generation, magnesium hydroxide, palygorskite | INTRODUCTIONAerogels, a type of material with porous structure, are made from SiO 2 or polymers. [1][2][3] The ultra-low density and ultra-high porosity considerably reduce the quality and thermal conductivity of aerogels. [4,5] Polymer-based aerogels have shown excellent effects in the field of heat insulation compared to traditional insulation materials such as rock wool board, glass wool, and polystyrene foam. [6,7] They have broad application prospects in the fields of building energy-saving insulation and thermal pipeline. [8,9] Among polymer-based aerogels, biodegradable matrix materials such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), [9,10] cellulose, [11] and starch [12] have attracted wide attention due to friendly environment. [13] Agar (AG), a natural polymer, is soluble in hot water and can form hydrogel after cooling, [14,15] and after freeze-drying, AG-based aerogels can be formed. [16] However, pure AG

show abstract

“…For this reason, flame retardants are usually added during compounding process to improve the fire retardancy of PP. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The incorporation of flame retardant additives has proved to be an effective way to reduce their flammability. The halogenated organic compounds are good fire retardant additives for PP, especially synergizing with antimony trioxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, flame retardants are usually added during compounding process to improve the fire retardancy of PP. 6–12…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of boric acid on flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites including nanoclay

Demirhan

Yurtseven

Usta

2021

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, different amounts of boric acid (BA, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 5.0 wt%) were used to enhance the effectiveness of an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER) in polypropylene (PP) including 2 wt% montmorillonite nanoclay (MMT). Meanwhile, metaboric acid and boron oxide which were generated by the decomposition of BA appeared in the melt compounding and the burning processes, respectively. Extensive experimental studies were performed to investigate the effects of BA/boron oxide and MMT combinations on the properties of PP/IFR. The fire resistances of the composites were studied by UL 94, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry tests. The thermal properties were determined by using thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal conductivity measurements. In addition, the mechanical properties of the composites were examined. The experimental results revealed that although the additions of 1.25 and 2.5 wt% BA with 2 wt% MMT significantly enhanced thermal and flame resistances of PP composites, 3.75 and 5.0 wt% BA additions generated antagonistic effects and deteriorated the fire resistance of the composites. The sample including 2.5 wt% BA addition achieved the best flame retardancy. The LOI value was increased from 18 to 31% with UL 94 V-0 rating. In addition, the peak heat release rate was reduced from 668.6 to 150.0 kW/m2 and the total heat release value was decreased from 247.9 to 98.4 MJ/m2. In the meantime, the thermal conductivity was increased from 0.22 up to 0.28 W/mK. Furthermore, CO, CO2 and the smoke productions were significantly decreased with respect to PP. NO generation was decreased with BA replacements. At the same time, although there was a slight decrease in the tensile strength, the flexural strength significantly increased with BA and MMT additions.

show abstract

Graphene Oxide and Vermiculite Clay Combinations to Produce Enhanced Flame Retardant Polypropylene Composite with Low Magnesium Hydroxide Loading

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

Clay-Filled Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanocoating for Flame-Retardant Polyurethane Foam

Clay-Filled Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanocoating for Flame-Retardant Polyurethane Foam

Facile construction of flame‐retardant, heat‐insulating agar/polyvinyl alcohol composite aerogels via in situ formation of magnesium hydroxide and palygorskite‐assisted strategy

The effect of boric acid on flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites including nanoclay

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About