Graphene nanoplatelet modified basalt/epoxy multi-scale composites with improved tribological performance

Şükür, Emine Feyza; Önal, Gürol

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2020.203481

Cited by 33 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…As illustrated in the figure, the elastic modulus has been increased by adding of kenaf fiber due to the fact that the fibers have very good adhesion to the polymer and do not tend to be pulled out of the matrix during tensile test. 21,24,26,27 These results are also seen in the FE-SEM image in Figures 4 and 5. As can be shown, owing to the enhanced adhesion of the fiber to the substrate in these studies, the inclusion of graphene has increased the elastic modulus.…”

Section: Results Of Graphene Nanosheets Pp-g-ma and Kenaf Fiber Combination Affecting Elastic Modulussupporting

confidence: 69%

“…As can be seen in this figure, the adhesion between graphene nanosheets and kenaf fiber is easily observed, which increases the strength of nanocomposites. 24 Figure 6 shows the FE-SEM image of a sample with higher wt% of graphene nanosheets and without PP-g-MA. As can be seen, the lack of PP-g-MA at high wt% of graphene nanosheets has caused the nanosheets be agglomeration and not disperse properly.…”

Section: Morphology Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental study on mechanical properties of polypropylene nanocomposites reinforced with a hybrid graphene/PP-g-MA/kenaf fiber by response surface methodology

Mirzaei

Fereidoon

Ghasemi-Ghalebahman

2021

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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In this study, the mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)-based nanocomposites reinforced with graphene nanosheets, kenaf fiber, and polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used as the experimental design. The blends fabricated in three levels of parameters include 0, 0.75, and 1.5 wt% graphene nanosheets, 0, 7.5, and 15 wt% kenaf fiber, and 0, 3, and 6 wt% PP-g-MA, prepared by an internal mixer and a hot press machine. The fiber length was 5 mm and was being constant for all samples. Tensile, flexural, and impact tests were conducted to determine the blend properties. The purpose of this research is to achieve the highest mechanical properties of the considered nanocomposite blend. The addition of graphene nanosheets to 1 wt% increased the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths by 16%, 24%, and 19%, respectively, and an addition up to 1.5 wt% reduced them. With further addition of graphene nanosheets until 1.5 wt%, the elastic modulus was increased by 70%. Adding the kenaf fiber up to 15 wt% increased the elastic modulus, tensile, flexural, and impact strength by 24%, 84%, 18%, and 11%, respectively. The addition of PP-g-MA has increased the adhesion, dispersion and compatibility of graphene nanosheets and kenaf fibers with matrix. With 6 wt% PP-g-MA, the tensile strength and elastic modulus were increased by 18% and 75%, respectively. The addition of PP-g-MA to 5 wt% increased the flexural and impact strengths by 10% and 5%, respectively. From the entire experimental data, the optimum values for elastic modulus, as well as, tensile, flexural, and impact strengths in the blends were obtained to be 4 GPa, 33.7896 MPa, 57.6306 MPa, and 100.1421 J/m, respectively. Finally, samples were studied by FE-SEM to check the dispersion of graphene nanosheets, PP-g-MA and kenaf fibers in the polymeric matrix.

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Section: Results Of Graphene Nanosheets Pp-g-ma and Kenaf Fiber Combination Affecting Elastic Modulussupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Morphology Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on mechanical properties of polypropylene nanocomposites reinforced with a hybrid graphene/PP-g-MA/kenaf fiber by response surface methodology

Mirzaei

Fereidoon

Ghasemi-Ghalebahman

2021

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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“…However, a slight decrease in ILSS was observed for 0.7 wt% GNP modified specimens. This drop might be attributed to the agglomeration formation for high ratio GNPs included composites, because agglomerates can play a role in stress forming and increase the free volume by creating voids in the epoxy [24,27]. The blunt force drop noticed in the neat epoxy specimen is thought to develop due to severe delaminations caused by weak interface strength.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pressure was maintained at 0.8 bar assisted with a vacuum pump. Finally, the composite laminates were cured at 60 °C for 1 h and then post-cured at 120 °C for 4 h. [24]. The seawater submersion of the test coupons was conducted at room temperature, which was included the 6 wt% sea salt (about twice the average concentration in an ocean) [11,17,22].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deniz suyu yaşlandırmasının bazalt/grafen nanolevha-epoksi kompozitler üzerindeki etkisi: Dinamik mekanik analiz (DMA) ve kısa kiriş kayma testleri ile performans değerlendirmesi

Ulus¹

2020

Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi

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ÖzetSeawater exposure has adverse effects on fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites' mechanical performance and service life because polymer matrix degradation caused by absorbed water can initiate FRP composites' irreversible damage. So, composites' performance under service conditions must be comprehensively evaluated and improved for safe usage in marine structures. For this purpose, the addition of nanoparticles into the polymer matrix can be an effective strategy to reinforce the polymer matrix against the seawater environment's detrimental effects. This paper presents the impact of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) on basalt/epoxy composites' mechanical performance under long-term seawater aging. Experimental results of short beam shear tests revealed that the addition of 0.5 wt% GNP enhanced interlaminar shear strength by approximately 24 and 14% compared with the neat basalt/epoxy composites for seawater aged and unaged specimens, respectively. The dynamic mechanical analysis has also deduced that the multi-scale composite's transition temperature increased up to 5.7% compared to the neat basalt/epoxy composites. Deniz suyu maruziyeti, fiber takviyeli polimer (FTP) kompozitlerin mekanik performansı ve hizmet ömrü üzerinde olumsuz etkilere sahiptir. Absorbe edilen su polimer matris bozulmasına yol açarak FTP kompozitlerin geri dönüşümsüz hasarını başlatabilmektedir. Bu sebeple, FTP kompozitlerin deniz yapılarında güvenle kullanımı için, servis koşullarındaki performanslarının kapsamlı bir şekilde anlaşılması ve iyileştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, nanoparçacıkların polimer matris içerisine eklenmesi, deniz suyu ortamının zararlı etkilerine karşı polimer matrisini güçlendirmek için etkili bir stratejidir. Bu makale, grafen nanolevha (GNL) takviyesinin bazalt/epoksi kompozitlerin uzun süreli deniz suyu yaşlanması altında mekanik performansı üzerindeki etkisini sunmaktadır. Kısa kiriş kayma test sonuçları, deniz suyunda yaşlandırılmış ve yaşlandırılmamış numuneler için saf bazalt/epoksi kompozitlere kıyasla ağırlıkça %0.5 GNL eklenmesinin tabakalar-arası arası kayma mukavemetini sırasıyla yaklaşık %24 ve %14 artırdığını ortaya koymuştur. Dinamik mekanik analizlerde, çok-ölçekli kompozitlerin geçiş sıcaklığının, saf bazalt/epoksi kompozitlere kıyasla %5.7'ye kadar yükseldiğini ortaya çıkarmıştır.

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“…The temperature range of the thermal camera was −40 • C to +2000 • C with an accuracy of ±2% or 2 • C, and the image frequency was 60 Hz. The camera had a thermal sensitivity of 0.08 • C at 30 • C and a spectral range of 7.5-13 µm with a resolution of 320 × 240 pixels [58]. The measurement of temperatures in the thermal camera was carried out throughout the vertical line from the contact point, and the changes were observed with the graphic shown on the instrument.…”

Section: Thermal Cameramentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Analysis and Optimization for Contact Zone Temperature Changes and Specific Wear Rate of Metal Matrix Composite Materials Produced from Recycled Waste

et al. 2021

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Tribological properties are important to evaluate the in-service conditions of machine elements, especially those which work as tandem parts. Considering their wide range of application areas, metal matrix composites (MMCs) serve as one of the most significant materials equipped with desired mechanical properties such as strength, density, and lightness according to the place of use. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the wear performance of these materials to obtain a longer life and to overcome the possible structural problems which emerge during the production process. In this paper, extensive discussion and evaluation of the tribological performance of newly produced spheroidal graphite cast iron-reinforced (GGG-40) tin bronze (CuSn10) MMCs, including optimization, statistical, graphical, and microstructural analysis for contact zone temperature and specific wear rate, are presented. For this purpose, two levels of production temperature (400 and 450 °C), three levels of pressure (480, 640, and 820 MPa), and seven different samples reinforced by several ingredients (from 0 to 40 wt% GGG-40, pure CuSn10, and GGG-40) were investigated. According to the obtained statistical results, the reinforcement ratio is remarkably more effective on contact zone temperature and specific wear rate than temperature and pressure. A pure CuSn10 sample is the most suitable option for contact zone temperature, while pure GGG-40 seems the most suitable material for specific wear rates according to the optimization results. These results reveal the importance of reinforcement for better mechanical properties and tribological performance in measuring the capability of MMCs.

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Graphene nanoplatelet modified basalt/epoxy multi-scale composites with improved tribological performance

Cited by 33 publications

References 48 publications

Experimental study on mechanical properties of polypropylene nanocomposites reinforced with a hybrid graphene/PP-g-MA/kenaf fiber by response surface methodology

Experimental study on mechanical properties of polypropylene nanocomposites reinforced with a hybrid graphene/PP-g-MA/kenaf fiber by response surface methodology

Deniz suyu yaşlandırmasının bazalt/grafen nanolevha-epoksi kompozitler üzerindeki etkisi: Dinamik mekanik analiz (DMA) ve kısa kiriş kayma testleri ile performans değerlendirmesi

Towards Analysis and Optimization for Contact Zone Temperature Changes and Specific Wear Rate of Metal Matrix Composite Materials Produced from Recycled Waste

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