Graphene Formation through Pulsed Wire Discharge of Graphite Strips in Water: Exfoliation Mechanism

Tanaka, Shigeru; Inao, Daisuke; Hasegawa, Kouki; Hokamoto, Kazuyuki; Chen, Pengwan; Gao, Xin

doi:10.3390/nano11051223

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It suggests that the high pressure generated by phase transition can effectively break the layered structure of EG. [24,25] Notably, it can be observed from Figure 4A that the layered EG in LPE-4 sample was exfoliated and intercalated by LDPE. The in-situ exfoliation process of EG can be inferred from this phenomenon.…”

Section: Effect Of Phase Transition On Microstructure and Morphology ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

In‐situ exfoliation and thermal conductivity in phase‐transition‐assisted melt blending fabrication of low‐density polyethylene/expanded graphite nanocomposite

Yin

Jie

Wei

et al. 2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Section: Effect Of Phase Transition On Microstructure and Morphology ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

In‐situ exfoliation and thermal conductivity in phase‐transition‐assisted melt blending fabrication of low‐density polyethylene/expanded graphite nanocomposite

Yin

Jie

Wei

et al. 2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…To prepare liquid containing aluminium NPs suspended in vinyl alcohol monomer, an electric exploding wire technique was used (Fan et al, 2020;Alsaad et al, 2021;Tang et al, 2015). This method is considered one of the most environmentally friendly methods for preparing NPs of metallic materials (Tang et al, 2015;Hussein and Kadhem, 2021;Abdulla et al, 2022;Bai et al, 2019;Tanaka et al, 2021;Ghorbani, 2014;Abbass and Kadhem, 2018). To produce Al/PVA films, a plasma jet system was used because it is an easy, inexpensive, and efficient way to produce thin films (Abbass and Kadhem, 2018;Nikiforov et al, 2015;Gencer et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Al2O3 /PVA Nanocomposite Thin Films by a Plasma Jet Method

Kadhem

2023

Sci. Technol. Indones

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Alumina thin films have significant applications in the areas of optoelectronics, optics, electrical insulators, sensors and tribology. The novel aspect of this work is that the homogeneous alumina thin films were prepared in several stages to generate a plasma jet. In this paper, aluminium nanoparticles suspended in vinyl alcohol were prepared using exploding wire plasma. TEM analysis was used to determine the size and shape of particles in aluminium and vinyl alcohol suspensions; the TEM images showed that the particle size is 17.2 nm. Aluminium/poly vinyl alcohol (Al/PVA) thin films were prepared using this suspension on quartz substrate by plasma jet technique at room temperature with an argon gas flow rate of 1 L/min. The Al/PVA thin films were thermally converted to alumina films, where they were annealed at different temperatures (700, 800, or 900°C). X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques were used to characterise these thin films before and after annealing process. The diffraction patterns of the prepared thin films before subjecting them to the annealing process indicated the presence of peaks belonging to aluminium and PVA; however, the diffraction patterns and FTIR spectra obtained for these films after the annealing process showed peaks indicating the formation of alumina films of different phases. AFM and SEM investigations proved that the formed particles for all prepared films before and after the annealing process were similar in size and almost spherical; the diameter of the particles was on the order of a few nanometres. To control the properties of prepared thin films, the plasma which was used to produce thin films is diagnosed spectrophotometrically. The generated plasma was diagnosed using optical emission spectroscopy to estimate the electron temperature Te; the electron temperature was 1.925 eV.

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“…Meanwhile, pulsed plasma sources like electrical explosion method have been confirmed as useful tool for producing few-layers even monolayer graphene. [25,26] The exfoliation mechanism can be considered as a kind of "top-down" mechanism, which benefit from its considerable mechanical effects (shock wave). Like other traditional mechanical methods, the obtained graphene possesses relatively high quality.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphite and Bismuth Selenide under Electrical Explosion in Confined Environment: Exfoliation, Phase Transition, and Surface Decoration

Han

Gao

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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2D nanosheet is indispensable for the design and production of functional materials and devices. [1,2] Particularly, 2D layered materials, including graphene, phosphorene, and 2D bismuth selenide (Bi 2 Se 3 ), exhibit massive potential due to their unique electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties. [3,4] Compared with classical graphene, phosphorene, 2D Bi 2 Se 3 , and other materials have shown more intriguing features and application prospects. [5][6][7][8] For example, single-and few-layer BP (2D BP) endow with a direct and tunable bandgap ranging from 0.3 eV (bulk) to 2.0 eV (monolayer), [9] which is favorable for making electric devices and photoelectric detectors. Bi and Se elements contained compounds are always selected as the electrode materials for supercapacitors and achieve satisfactory performance. [10][11][12] Khalafallah et al. designed the selenium-enriched reduced graphene oxide hybridized hetero-structured nickel bismuth selenide (RGO/Ni-Bi-Se) and bismuth selenide (RGO/Bi 2 Se 3 )based materials as positive and negative electrodes, respectively. The synthesized two electrode materials showed desirable performances (electrochemical behavior, pseudocapacitive properties, etc.). Furthermore, the established supercapacitor achieved admirable energy density with great capacity retention. [13] In addition, the layer 2D material has a considerable value of specific surface area and can be feasible for surface modification as catalysts. [14] The mainstream methodology to synthesize 2D thin nanosheets would be the exfoliation from the layered bulk form. [2] Due to the relatively weak van der Waals interlayer interaction of the materials, sometimes the exfoliation can be achieved via mechanical methods directly. [15] However, not all 2D materials can be easily exfoliated by the mechanical approach. The most prevalent and feasible way is the liquid exfoliation, where the layered bulk is immersed in suitable solutions. [16] In this case, chemical reactions intentionally introduce to facilitate the exfoliation process, such as oxidation reaction, intercalation, etc. Additional tools, including ultrasonic wave and electrochemical reaction, are also proposed to enhance liquid exfoliation. [2] Electrical explosion, characterized by ultrafast atomization and quenching rate (dT/dt ≈ 10 10 -10 12 K s -1 ) of the sample, is a unique approach for "onestep" synthesis of nanomaterials. Experiments are carried out with layered graphite and Bi 2 Se 3 under the action of electrical explosion in a confined reaction tube. High-speed photography and electrophysical diagnostics are applied to characterize dynamic processes. SEM and EDS are used to characterize surface micro-morphology of reaction products. The layered materials are first exfoliated to thin nanosheets/nanocrystals by shock waves and turbulent flow of the explosion. As the ionized explosion products (>10 000 K) contacts the sample, intense heat transfer happens, simultaneously atomizing the sample and quenching the plasmas. As a result, nanoparti...

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Graphene Formation through Pulsed Wire Discharge of Graphite Strips in Water: Exfoliation Mechanism

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

In‐situ exfoliation and thermal conductivity in phase‐transition‐assisted melt blending fabrication of low‐density polyethylene/expanded graphite nanocomposite

In‐situ exfoliation and thermal conductivity in phase‐transition‐assisted melt blending fabrication of low‐density polyethylene/expanded graphite nanocomposite

Preparation of Al2O3 /PVA Nanocomposite Thin Films by a Plasma Jet Method

Graphite and Bismuth Selenide under Electrical Explosion in Confined Environment: Exfoliation, Phase Transition, and Surface Decoration

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