Graphene Electronic Tattoo Sensors

Ameri, Shideh Kabiri; Ho, Rebecca; Jang, Hongwoo; Tao, Li; Wang, Youhua; Wang, Liu; Schnyer, David M.; Akinwande, Deji; Lu, Nanshu

doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b02182

Cited by 502 publications

(394 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Examples of such substrates include thin polymeric films, highly relevant for applications in flexible electronics. [11][12][13][14] Furthermore, we demonstrate that our results are general and consistent with previous results reported for substrates with higher permittivity. [15,16] In other words, the methodology reported here enables to rapidly quantify and map the electrical (σ DC , τ, n, µ) and electronic (ν F * ) properties of graphene films placed on arbitrary substrates via THz-TDS.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Fermi velocity renormalization in graphene probed by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

Whelan¹,

Shen²,

Zhou³

et al. 2020

2D Mater.

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We demonstrate terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) to be an accurate, rapid and scalable method to probe the interaction-induced Fermi velocity renormalization ν F * of charge carriers in graphene. This allows the quantitative extraction of all electrical parameters (DC conductivity σ DC , carrier density n, and carrier mobility µ) of large-scale graphene films placed on arbitrary substrates via THz-TDS. Particularly relevant are substrates with low relative permittivity (< 5) such as polymeric films, where notable renormalization effects are observed even at relatively large carrier densities (> 10 12 cm -2 , Fermi level > 0.1 eV). From an application point of view, the ability to rapidly and non-destructively quantify and map the electrical (σ DC , n, µ) and electronic (ν F * ) properties of large-scale graphene on genericsubstrates is key to utilize this material in applications such as metrology, flexible electronics as well as to monitor graphene transfers using polymers as handling layers.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Fermi velocity renormalization in graphene probed by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

Whelan¹,

Shen²,

Zhou³

et al. 2020

2D Mater.

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“…To date, some researches on skin‐attachable temperature sensors were reported, in which different kinds of materials, including metal nanoparticles/nanowires, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), polymers (such as poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)),[5a,10,12,14] and others, have been explored as temperature sensing materials. Among various materials, graphene and its derivatives are wildly applied in temperature sensors owing to its outstanding electrical and thermal properties .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High‐Performances Flexible Temperature Sensor Composed of Polyethyleneimine/Reduced Graphene Oxide Bilayer for Real‐Time Monitoring

Liu

Tai

Yuan

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

112

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sensor with enough sensitivity, accuracy, and durability which can realize real-time and long-term temperature monitoring is strongly desired.To date, some researches on skinattachable temperature sensors were reported, in which different kinds of materials, including metal nanoparticles/ nanowires, [4,5] graphene, [6][7][8][9][10] carbon nanotubes (CNTs), [11][12][13] polymers (such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)), [5a,10,12,14] and others, have been explored as temperature sensing materials. Among various materials, graphene and its derivatives are wildly applied in temperature sensors owing to its outstanding electrical and thermal properties. [15] However, the sensitivities of bare graphene or its derivatives based temperature sensors are unsatisfactory and generally no more than 1.00% °C −1 . [6,7,9,16,17] In order to obtain superior sensitivity and flexibility of temperature sensor, graphene and its derivatives were composited with other materials, such as PEDOT:PSS, [10] polyurethane (PU), [18] CNTs, [19] polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), [8b] and cellulose. [20] According to the studies of graphene composite temperature sensor, the maximum sensitivity can achieve ≈1.34% °C −1 , while the highest accuracy can only reach 0.2 °C, still existing a gap to monitor human skin temperature, and the linearity and durability still remain to be improved for the practical use. [18] Additionally, the fabrication complexity was also largely increased by the composite process.Herein, a skin-attachable flexible temperature sensor with high sensitivity and durability was developed on polyimide (PI) substrate through a facile spray-dipping method. The polyethyleneimine (PEI) and bare reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were used as the adhesive and temperature sensing material, respectively, without any composite involved. The spectroscopy properties of the sensing film were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the morphology was obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The sensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 1.30% °C −1 between 25 and 45 °C, which is closely approximate to the graphene composites temperature sensor. Specially, the sensor can detect the very tiny temperature change of 0.1 °C and showed excellent durability (120 d), satisfying the demands The temperature sensors are urgently required for real-time temperature monitoring in healthcare, disease diagnosis, and other areas. In this work, a skin-attachable flexible temperature sensor composed of polyethyleneimine/ reduced graphene oxide bilayer is developed on polyimide substrate by a facile spray-dipping process. The spectroscopy properties of sensing films are examined and analyzed in details and demonstrated the partial reduction of graphene oxide film. The prepared sensor exhibits high sensitivity (1.30% °C −1 ), linearity (R 2 = 0.999), accuracy (0.1 °C), and durability (60 d) for temperature sensing ...

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“…One noteworthy attempt to remedy this bottleneck was based on using graphene‐based electronic tattoos, wherein graphene was incorporated into a flexible thin (≈463 nm) poly (methyl methacrylate) substrate 338. This ultrathin device could readily become attached on human skin via van der Waals interactions and exhibited stable electrical conductivity even when the device was stretched to 50% strain values.…”

Section: Healthcare Monitors For Empowering the Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blending Electronics with the Human Body: A Pathway toward a Cybernetic Future

et al. 2018

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At the crossroads of chemistry, electronics, mechanical engineering, polymer science, biology, tissue engineering, computer science, and materials science, electrical devices are currently being engineered that blend directly within organs and tissues. These sophisticated devices are mediators, recorders, and stimulators of electricity with the capacity to monitor important electrophysiological events, replace disabled body parts, or even stimulate tissues to overcome their current limitations. They are therefore capable of leading humanity forward into the age of cyborgs, a time in which human biology can be hacked at will to yield beings with abilities beyond their natural capabilities. The resulting advances have been made possible by the emergence of conformal and soft electronic materials that can readily integrate with the curvilinear, dynamic, delicate, and flexible human body. This article discusses the recent rapid pace of development in the field of cybernetics with special emphasis on the important role that flexible and electrically active materials have played therein.

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Graphene Electronic Tattoo Sensors

Cited by 502 publications

References 38 publications

Fermi velocity renormalization in graphene probed by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

Fermi velocity renormalization in graphene probed by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

A High‐Performances Flexible Temperature Sensor Composed of Polyethyleneimine/Reduced Graphene Oxide Bilayer for Real‐Time Monitoring

Blending Electronics with the Human Body: A Pathway toward a Cybernetic Future

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