Graphene electrodes for adaptive liquid crystal contact lenses

Kaur, S.; Kim, Y.-J.; Milton, Harry E; Mistry, Devesh; Syed, Ishtiaque M.; Bailey, James; Новоселов, К. С.; Jones, John C.; Morgan, Philip B.; Clamp, John; Gleeson, Helen F.

doi:10.1364/oe.24.008782

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…planar aligned with ITO electrodes, planar aligned with graphene electrode and homeotropic aligned, were characterized for their optical and electrical properties [2][3][4][5]. Polarizing microscopy images of the contact lens revealed the quality of the alignment both for planar [2,5] and homeotropic geometry. The focal power of the lens was measured as a function of applied voltage using a method described previously [3].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The planar aligned geometry was later optimized by using graphene in place of ITO electrodes for ease of manufacturability and potential application to soft contact lenses [5]. In addition to being expensive, the use of ITO leads to various issues such as poor adhesion onto the curved PMMA substrates, non-uniformity and low yields.…”

Section: Graphene Based Electrodes In Planar Aligned Liquid Crystal Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We report the electro-optical performance of such contact lens systems in two different modes of liquid crystal geometry; planar (homogeneous) [2,3] and vertically aligned (homeotropic) [4]. We further describe the optimisation of such systems with the inclusion of graphene electrodes instead of Indium Tin Oxide electrodes (ITO) [5]. These adaptive liquid crystals contact lenses utilize the high electrical conductivity, transparency, flexibility and elasticity of graphene simultaneously incorporated into the curved geometry of the lenses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid crystal contact lenses with graphene electrodes and switchable focus

Gleeson

Kaur

2016

MRS Advances

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Presbyopia is a ubiquitous age-related disability of the eye, affecting an estimated 1.04 billion people worldwide, reducing their ability to focus on nearby objects. The various solutions to this inevitable vision deterioration are not compromise-free, with a growing need for approaches beyond conventional spectacles. The research motivation for this work is the unique solution offered by liquid crystal (LC) contact lenses to create compromise-free vision across the whole field of view. The distinctive property of LC lenses is that they are switchable, with the application of a voltage activating the lens. The change in focal power is facilitated via a voltagedependent change in refractive index of the LC. We have successfully demonstrated several versions of electrically switchable LC contact lenses with variable additional optical power of up to +3.00 D, ideal for the correction of presbyopia.This paper offers a review of the optical and electro-optical performance recently demonstrated for the different modes of operation realized in nematic systems, including planar (homogeneous) and vertically aligned (homeotropic) aligned devices. The change in optical power obtained depends on the choice of geometry and LC material. A material with higher birefringence allows a thinner LC-lens layer to achieve a particular focal power. In the homeotropic geometry, the refractive index of the LC layer is a minimum in the 'off' state (ordinary refractive index, ) and the mode is polarization-independent, offering a significant advantage over planar lens designs. The construction is also simplified as only one alignment layer needs to be rubbed. Depending on the geometry used, continuously variable changes in focal power of up to +3.00D have been achieved. The response time of the lenses can be better than half a second, achieved with small applied voltages of . A further important stage in the optimization of the contact lenses is the inclusion of graphene as the electrodes. Conventional ITO electrodes are too brittle for these flexible optical systems. The paper also reviews the successful incorporation of graphene into the lenses, with excellent optical and electro-optical results. The device demonstrates the huge potential of graphene in an unconventional liquid crystal device geometry that includes curvature over a relatively large area.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Graphene Based Electrodes In Planar Aligned Liquid Crystal Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid crystal contact lenses with graphene electrodes and switchable focus

Gleeson

Kaur

2016

MRS Advances

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“…The targeted change in focal power for a switchable contact lens device is +2D [18][19][20][21], required by most sufferers of presbyopia, with almost all requiring a change of +2.5D or less. This correction to the near vision may also be required in addition to correction for distance vision.…”

Section: Requirements For a Lc Contact Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low voltages (<7 Vrms) and power consumption are both necessary as the device will be mounted on the surface of the eye and needs to operate for several hours in-between charging or disposal. The LC lens clearly needs electrode layers [18,21,23], a power source [24][25][26], an antenna [27,28] and processing power in order to function. There are already a number of technologies and methodologies that it should be possible to incorporate into a switchable contact lens within the near future.…”

Section: Requirements For a Lc Contact Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switchable Liquid Crystal Contact Lenses for the Correction of Presbyopia

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Presbyopia is an age-related disorder where the lens of the eye hardens so that focusing on near objects becomes increasingly difficult. This complaint affects everyone over the age of 50. It is becoming progressively more relevant, as the average age of the global population continues to rise. Bifocal or varifocal spectacles are currently the best solution for those that require near and far vision correction. However, many people prefer not to wear spectacles and while multifocal contact lenses are available, they are not widely prescribed and can require significant adaptation by wearers. One possible solution is to use liquid crystal contact lenses that can change focal power by applying a small electric field across the device. However, the design of these contact lenses must be carefully considered as they must be comfortable for the user to wear and able to provide the required change in focal power (usually about +2D). Progress towards different lens designs, which includes lens geometry, liquid crystal choices and suitable alignment modes, are reviewed. Furthermore, we also discuss suitable electrode materials, possible power sources and suggest some methods for switching the lenses between near and far vision correction.

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Stimuli‐Directed Self‐Organized One‐Dimensional Organic Semiconducting Nanostructures for Optoelectronic Applications

Achalkumar

Mathews²,

2018

Functional Organic and Hybrid Nanostructured Materials

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Graphene electrodes for adaptive liquid crystal contact lenses

Cited by 26 publications

References 25 publications

Liquid crystal contact lenses with graphene electrodes and switchable focus

Liquid crystal contact lenses with graphene electrodes and switchable focus

Switchable Liquid Crystal Contact Lenses for the Correction of Presbyopia

Stimuli‐Directed Self‐Organized One‐Dimensional Organic Semiconducting Nanostructures for Optoelectronic Applications

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