Graphene – Diamond Nanomaterials: A Status Quo Review

Abstract

Carbon nanomaterials with a different character of the chemical bond – graphene (sp2) and nanodiamond (sp3) are the building bricks for a new class of all-carbon hybrid nanomaterials, where the two different carbon networks with the sp3 and sp2 hybridization coexist, interact and even transform into one another. The unique electronic, mechanical, and chemical properties of the two border nanoallotropes of carbon ensure the immense application potential and versatility of these all-carbon graphene – diamond nanomaterials. The review gives an overview of the current state of the art of graphene – diamond nanomaterials, including their composites, heterojunctions, and other hybrids for sensing, electronic, energy storage, and other applications. Also, the graphene-to-diamond and diamond-to-graphene transformations at the nanoscale, essential for innovative fabrication, and stability and chemical reactivity assessment are discussed based on extensive theoretical, computational, and experimental studies.

Density Function Theory Predicted Carbon Allotropes: Recent Developments

“…Thus, graphene(sp 2 )nanodiamond(sp 3 ) nanomaterials were investigated and their heterojunctions, composites, and other hybrids were explored for possible use in sensing, electronic, energy storage, and other applications. [75]…”

Highly Uniform Nanodiamond-Graphene Composites Microspheres for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

“…24 Previous research has investigated combining nanodiamonds with graphene or graphite for various applications. 26,27 Diamond nanoparticles have been used to enhance graphene exfoliation 28 and reduce friction. 29,30 However, there's a limited exploration of using diamond nanoparticles for graphene exfoliation or converting graphite into ND-GCSs carbon microspheres under microwave irradiation.…”

“…Previous research has investigated combining nanodiamonds with graphene or graphite for various applications. , Diamond nanoparticles have been used to enhance graphene exfoliation and reduce friction. , However, there’s a limited exploration of using diamond nanoparticles for graphene exfoliation or converting graphite into ND-GCSs carbon microspheres under microwave irradiation. , Additionally, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study in the open literature has reported on the potential use of ND-Gr composites as active catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).…”