Graphene-coated plastic film as current collector for lithium/sulfur batteries

Wang, Li; He, Xiangming; Li, Jianjun; Gao, Jian; Fang, Mou; Tian, Guangyu; Wang, Jianlong; Fan, Shanhui

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.02.008

Cited by 50 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[ 74 ] The metallic foil provides suffi cient conductivity to allow for a battery to be wound many times in its cell without signifi cant resistive losses. It also minimizes the current that has to fl ow through a short distance within the less conductive, solid, active material matrix which typically extends several tens of micrometers in thickness outwards from the surface of the current collector.…”

Section: Conventional Approach: 2d Current Collectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Design of Cathodes for Li‐S Batteries

Pope

Aksay

2015

Advanced Energy Materials

417

328

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Optimized Li-ion batteries can now achieve specifi c energies ( E ) up to ≈200 Wh kg −1 but only marginal improvements to this technology are expected in the near future as cells reach their theoretical limits. [ 3,5,6 ] While signifi cant progress has been made, [ 7 ] continued improvements to drive range, decreased charging times and more effi cient operation at high power are required to effectively accept energy generated during braking [ 8 ] and to make charging times more convenient for consumers who are used to spending only a few minutes fi lling their tanks with gas as opposed to overnight charging required by current battery systems.Cost is also a factor. Most Li-ion batteries are too expensive to be economical for grid level storage and also make the price of electric vehicles prohibitively expensive for the average consumer. A state-of-the-art Li-ion battery pack costs ≈$400 per kWh, [ 7 ] a fi gure which needs to be reduced to ≈$150 per kWh as suggested by the US Advanced Battery Consortium. [ 8 ] In a recent review, Larcher and Tarascon also pointed out the importance of the sustainability of materials and processes used to make these batteries. [ 5 ] In order to reduce the energy and fossil fuel consumption associated with materials extraction and battery manufacturing we must look towards abundant, accessible, recyclable materials and low temperature production processes. [ 5 ] Advantages of Li-S BatteriesLithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are regarded as one of the most promising systems as they hold the potential to address most of the challenges discussed above. Sulfur is abundant and inexpensive, currently produced in large quantities, as a waste product of the oil and gas industry and is also naturally occurring, being the 16 th most abundant element in the Earth's lithosphere. [ 9 ] Sulfur's low melting point (115.2 °C) and sublimation temperature lead to potentially more energy effi cient manufacturing approaches. Most importantly, the electrochemical reduction of sulfur: S + 2Li + → Li 2 S + 2e − , yields a theoretical capacity of 1672 mAh g −1 sulfur which is an order of magnitude larger than state-of-the-art Li-ion cathode materials such as LiCoO 2 , LiFePO 4 , and NCA which exhibit theoretical capacities of 140-180 mAh g −1 . [ 1,3,5 ] This high cathode capacity ( Q C ) arises through a combination of sulfur's low molecular weight ( M W = 32.06) and the net two-electrons ( n = 2) generated through the Battery technologies involving Li-S chemistries have been touted as one of the most promising next generation systems. The theoretical capacity of sulfur is nearly an order of magnitude higher than current Li-ion battery insertion cathodes and when coupled with a Li metal anode, Li-S batteries promise specifi c energies nearly fi ve-fold higher. However, this assertion only holds if sulfur cathodes could be designed in the same manner as cathodes for Li-ion batteries. Here, the recent efforts to engineer high capacity, thick, sulfur-based cathodes are explored. Various works are compared in ...

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Section: Conventional Approach: 2d Current Collectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Design of Cathodes for Li‐S Batteries

Pope

Aksay

2015

Advanced Energy Materials

417

328

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“…To date, most research on lithium-sulfur batteries has focused on improving the capacity and efficiency of the batteries, such as trapping sulfur into porous carbon frameworks [3,4] or ac onductive polymer structure, [5,6] the use of ionic selective or sulfur-recyclable membranes, [7,8] and modifying the composition of the electrolyte. [9][10][11][12] Great achievements have been made to obtain ap ractical cathode with an areal sulfur loading of more than 4.0mgcm À2 with high sulfur utilization and extraordinary stability.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[1, 6,14] However,e xcept for on-service performance, capacity retention in the static state is another crucial aspectf or the practical applications of secondary batteries.A sapractical rechargeable battery,t he lithium-sulfur cells would not always be in the working state because fully charged batteriesw ould often be shelved for delivery or service. Therefore, the internal chemicalr edox reactioni nalithium-sulfur cell,w hich reduces the remaining capacity without any poweroutput to the external circuit, needs to be considered.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[6,[10][11][12][15][16][17] In al ithium-sulfur cell, both corrosion of the current collector by an electrolyte and shuttling of intermediate polysulfidesc ontributet os elfdischarge. Mikhaylik andA kridge proposed am athematic model to correlate self-discharge to polysulfide shuttle pheThe self-dischargeo falithium-sulfur cell decreases the shelflife of the battery and is one of the bottlenecks that hinders its practical applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Towards Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with a Low Self‐Discharge Rate: Ion Diffusion Modulation and Anode Protection

Peng

Huang

et al. 2015

ChemSusChem

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The self-discharge of a lithium-sulfur cell decreases the shelf-life of the battery and is one of the bottlenecks that hinders its practical applications. New insights into both the internal chemical reactions in a lithium-sulfur system and effective routes to retard self-discharge for highly stable batteries are crucial for the design of lithium-sulfur cells. Herein, a lithium-sulfur cell with a carbon nanotube/sulfur cathode and lithium-metal anode in lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide/1,3-dioxolane/dimethyl ether electrolyte was selected as the model system to investigate the self-discharge behavior. Both lithium anode passivation and polysulfide anion diffusion suppression strategies are applied to reduce self-discharge of the lithium-sulfur cell. When the lithium-metal anode is protected by a high density passivation layer induced by LiNO3 , a very low shuttle constant of 0.017 h(-1) is achieved. The diffusion of the polysulfides is retarded by an ion-selective separator, and the shuttle constants decreased. The cell with LiNO3 additive maintained a discharge capacity of 97 % (961 mAh g(-1) ) of the initial capacity after 120 days at open circuit, which was around three times higher than the routine cell (32 % of initial capacity, corresponding to 320 mAh g(-1) ). It is expected that lithium-sulfur batteries with ultralow self-discharge rates may be fabricated through a combination of anode passivation and polysulfide shuttle control, as well as optimization of the lithium-sulfur cell configuration.

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“…Recently, coatings with graphene have attracted great attention, which include lubricant coating [2,3], separation membranes [4], waterproofing coating [5], absorptive coating [6], and coated electrodes for lithium batteries [7,8]. Antireflective (AR) coating can be used to control the reflection index (RI) of material surfaces, which has a wide range of applications in optical systems [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%