Graphene-based plasmonic phase modulator for Terahertz-band communication

Singh, Prateek; Aǐzin, G. R.; Thawdar, Ngwe; Medley, Michael J.; Jornet, Josep Miquel

doi:10.1109/eucap.2016.7481218

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For the case of electrical pumping, we can consider di↵erent approaches. On the one hand, following a conventional scheme, we could utilize a single or small group of HEMT-based nano-transceivers to generate the required signals and then rely on a plasmonic waveguide [5] and plasmonic delay/phase controllers [28] to distribute the signals with the adequate phase to the di↵erent nano-antennas. However, given the low power generated by a single nano-transceiver (a few microwatts [17]) and the limited propagation length of SPP waves (only a few wavelengths [15]), the performance of the nano-antenna array would be compromised.…”

Section: Feeding and Control Of The Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realizing Ultra-Massive MIMO(1024×1024)communication in the (0.06–10) Terahertz band

Akyildiz

Jornet

2016

Nano Communication Networks

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The increasing demand for higher bandwidth and higher speed wireless communication motivates the exploration of higher frequency bands. The Terahertz (THz) band (0.06-10 THz) is envisioned as one of the key players to meet the demand for such higher bandwidth and data rates. However, the available bandwidth at THz frequencies comes with the cost of a much higher propagation loss. Due to the power limitations of compact solid-state THz transceivers, this results in very short communication distances of approximately one meter. In this paper, the concept of Ultra-Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (UM MIMO) communication is introduced as a way to increase the communication distance and the achievable capacity of THz-band communication networks. The very small size of THz plasmonic nano-antennas, which leverage the properties of nanomaterials and metamaterials, enables the development of very large plasmonic arrays in very small footprints. For frequencies in the 0.06-1 THz range, metamaterials enable the design of plasmonic antenna arrays with hundreds of elements in a few square centimeters (e.g., 144 elements in 1 cm 2 at 60 GHz). In the 1 to 10 THz band, graphene-based plasmonic nano-antenna arrays with thousands of elements can be embedded in a few square millimeters (e.g., 1024 elements in 1 mm 2 at 1 THz). The resulting arrays can be utilized both in transmission and in reception (e.g., 1024x1024 UM MIMO at 1 THz) to support di↵erent modes, from razor-sharp UM beamforming to UM spatial multiplexing, as well as multi-band communication schemes. After introducing the main properties of plasmonic nano-antenna arrays, the working modes of UM MIMO are presented, and preliminary results are provided to highlight the potential of this paradigm. Finally, open challenges and potential solutions to enable UM MIMO communication are described.

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Section: Feeding and Control Of The Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realizing Ultra-Massive MIMO(1024×1024)communication in the (0.06–10) Terahertz band

Akyildiz

Jornet

2016

Nano Communication Networks

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281

178

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“…Other modulators, based on the same principles, have been proposed at these rates [164][165][166], as well as modulators at infrared frequencies [167,168]. Finally, another graphene based plasmonic waveguide phase modulator proposed in [169], is also based on the principle of electronically control the propagation speed of an SPP wave, by modifying the chemical potential of the graphene layer. Last, GFETs operating at room temperatures, have been also proposed and demonstrated as ultrafast THz detectors [170].…”

Section: Graphene Based Thz Transceiver Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Roles of Plasmonics in Wireless THz Nanocommunications—A Survey

Lallas

2019

Applied Sciences

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Wireless data traffic has experienced an unprecedented boost in past years, and according to data traffic forecasts, within a decade, it is expected to compete sufficiently with wired broadband infrastructure. Therefore, the use of even higher carrier frequency bands in the THz range, via adoption of new technologies to equip future THz band wireless communication systems at the nanoscale is required, in order to accommodate a variety of applications, that would satisfy the ever increasing user demands of higher data rates. Certain wireless applications such as 5G and beyond communications, network on chip system architectures, and nanosensor networks, will no longer satisfy speed and latency demands with existing technologies and system architectures. Apart from conventional CMOS technology, and the already tested, still promising though, photonic technology, other technologies and materials such as plasmonics with graphene respectively, may offer a viable infrastructure solution on existing THz technology challenges. This survey paper is a thorough investigation on the current and beyond state of the art plasmonic system implementation for THz communications, by providing in-depth reference material, highlighting the fundamental aspects of plasmonic technology roles in future THz band wireless communication and THz wireless applications, that will define future demands coping with users' needs. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 5488 2 of 34 communications, researchers have been focused on taking advantage of higher regions in the radio spectrum, pointing to the THz band communication and infrastructure, as a promising solution to equip 5G plus networks, thus enabling efficient operation of bandwidth hungry applications, that are not feasible at the moment with current infrastructure.Wireless NoC (WiNoC) [5] with its inherent broadcast capability, appears as a promising approach to overcome all abovementioned bottlenecks of ancestor technologies. Ultra small miniature sizes of plasmon based antennas and other nanolink components as well, with considerably much less wiring, are the desired features of this technology, in order to enable the integration of one or multiple antennas per core, paving the way for dense, scalable NoC schemes, as required by future applications. Graphene based WiNoCs (GWiNoCs) is probably the most updated promising approach for THz nanoscale wireless communications, and it is therefore considered to be the basis for implementing future on chip network architectures. Alternatively, hybrid optical wireless schemes, may be also proved to be a promising NoC solution [6], by combining the best assets of these two worlds: low loss dielectric waveguide media, and miniature sized plasmonic material oscillating at THz rates.Last, wireless nanosensor networks (WNSNs) is another established THz nanoscale application, with basic similarities as in WiNoCs, such as core to core or to memory communication, but also with other unique characteristic types of communication, mainly between nanosensors and nanomachin...

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“…Graphene supports the tunable propagation of Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) waves at THz band [54], which are EM waves propagating along a metal-dielectric (or semiconductordielectric) interface formed through the interaction of EM field with the oscillation of surface charges. This capability of graphene has opened the way for the development of tunable graphene plasmonic modulators modulating SPP waves, and tunable graphene plasmonic nano-antennas converting SPP waves to EM waves and vice versa [55], [56].…”

Section: A Multi-modal Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal Transceivers: Opportunities and Future Directions for the Internet of Everything (IoE)

Civas,

Cetinkaya,

Kuscu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The Internet of Everything (IoE) is a recently introduced information and communication technology (ICT) framework promising for extending the human connectivity to the entire universe, which itself can be regarded as a natural IoE, an interconnected network of everything we perceive. The countless number of opportunities that can be enabled by IoE through a blend of heterogeneous ICT technologies across different scales and environments and a seamless interface with the natural IoE impose several fundamental challenges, such as interoperability, ubiquitous connectivity, energy efficiency, and miniaturization.The key to address these challenges is to advance our communication technology to match the multi-scale, multi-modal, and dynamic features of the natural IoE. To this end, we introduce a new communication device concept, namely the universal IoE transceiver, that encompasses transceiver architectures that are characterized by multi-modality in communication (with modalities such as molecular, RF/THz, optical and acoustic) and in energy harvesting (with modalities such as mechanical, solar, biochemical), modularity, tunability, and scalability. Focusing on these fundamental traits, we provide an overview of the opportunities that can be opened up by micro/nanoscale universal transceiver architectures towards realizing the IoE applications. We also discuss the most pressing challenges in implementing such transceivers and briefly review the open research directions. Our discussion is particularly focused on the opportunities and challenges pertaining to the IoE physical layer, which can enable the efficient and effective design of higher-level techniques. We believe that such universal transceivers can pave the way for seamless connection and communication with the universe at a deeper level and pioneer the construction of the forthcoming IoE landscape.

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Graphene-based plasmonic phase modulator for Terahertz-band communication

Cited by 31 publications

References 21 publications

Realizing Ultra-Massive MIMO(1024×1024)communication in the (0.06–10) Terahertz band

Realizing Ultra-Massive MIMO(1024×1024)communication in the (0.06–10) Terahertz band

Key Roles of Plasmonics in Wireless THz Nanocommunications—A Survey

Universal Transceivers: Opportunities and Future Directions for the Internet of Everything (IoE)

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