Graphene based new energy materials

Sun, Yiqing; Wu, Qiong; Shi, Gaoquan

doi:10.1039/c0ee00683a

Cited by 1,801 publications

(1,101 citation statements)

References 223 publications

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“…Graphene, the building block of the 1D CNTs, exists as a 2D layer of sp 2 -hybridised carbon one atom thick, and continues to attract considerable attention owing to its vast surface area (>2500 m 2 g -1 ), fast electron mobility and excellent electrical conductivity [145][146][147][148]. Li + diffusion in graphene is heavily influenced by edge effects [149,150] where the relative strength of Li + interaction (adsorption and diffusion) varies according to the morphology of the edge [149].…”

Section: Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the performance of nanostructured materials as lithium-ion battery electrodes

et al. 2013

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Access to the full text of the published version may require a subscription. Rights © Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin ABSTRACTThe performance of the lithium-ion cell is heavily dependent on the ability of the host electrodes to accommodate and release Li + ions from the local structure. While the choice of electrode materials may define parameters such as cell potential and capacity, the process of intercalation may be physically limited by the rate of solid-state Li + diffusion. Increased diffusion rates in lithium-ion electrodes may be achieved through a reduction in the diffusion path, accomplished by a scaling of the respective electrode dimensions.In addition, some electrodes may undergo large volume changes associated with charging and discharging, the strain of which, may be better accommodated through nanostructuring. Failure of the host to accommodate such volume changes may lead to pulverisation of the local structure and a rapid loss of capacity. In this review article, we seek to highlight a number of significant gains in the development of nanostructured lithium-ion battery architectures (both anode and cathode), as drivers of potential next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices.

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Section: Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the performance of nanostructured materials as lithium-ion battery electrodes

et al. 2013

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“…3 In the last few years, there has been a huge amount of interest in 2-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials for use in a range of applications related to energy generation and storage. 4,5 There are many types of 2D materials with wellknown examples being graphene, BN, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs -MoSe2, WS2 etc), transition metal oxides (TMOs -MnO2, MoO3 etc), layered double hydroxides (Co(OH)2, Ni(OH)2 etc) and a range of others including black phosphorous, silicene and germanane. [6][7][8][9][10] These materials consist of covalently bonded monolayers which can stack via weak inter-sheet interactions to form layered crystals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Applications of Two-Dimensional Nanosheets: The Effect of Nanosheet Length and Thickness

et al. 2016

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Although many electrochemical properties of 2D materials depend sensitively on the nanosheet dimensions, there are no systematic, quantitative studies which analyse the effect of nanosheet size and thickness on electrochemical parameters. Here we use size-selected WS2 nanosheets as a model system to determine the effect of nanosheet dimensions in two representative areas -hydrogen evolution electrocatalytic electrodes and electrochemical double layer capacitor electrodes. We chose these applications as they depend on the interaction of ions with the nanosheet edge and basal plane, respectively, and so would be expected to be nanosheet-size-dependent. The data shows the catalytic current density to scale inversely with mean nanosheet length while the volumetric double layer capacitance scales inversely with mean nanosheet thickness. Both of these results are consistent with simple models allowing use to extract intrinsic quantities, namely the turnover frequency and the double layer thickness respectively.3

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“…129,130 A high-performance supercapacitor should have high energy density (1-10 W h kg À1 , determined by its capacitance and voltage), power density (103-105 W kg À1 , determined by its voltage and internal resistance), and ultra-long cycling life (>100,000 cycles). 131 Thus, supercapacitors act as a perfect complement for batteries or fuel cells, and used in cooperation they are considered to be promising power supplies for versatile applications such as environmentally friendly automobiles, artificial organs, and high-performance portable electronics. Supercapacitors can be classified by their storage mechanisms into two types: electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and pseudo-capacitors.…”

Section: Supercapacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene/polymer composites for energy applications

Sun

Shi

2012

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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229

120

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Graphene has wide potential applications in energyrelated systems, mainly because of its unique atom-thick twodimensional structure, high electrical or thermal conductivity, optical transparency, great mechanical strength, inherent flexibility, and huge specific surface area. For this purpose, graphene materials are frequently blended with polymers to form composites, especially when fabricating flexible devices. Graphene/polymer composites have been explored as electrodes of supercapacitors or lithium ion batteries, counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells, transparent conducting electrodes and active layers of organic solar cells, catalytic electrodes, and polymer electrolyte membranes of fuel cells. In this review, we summarize the recent advances on the synthesis and applications of graphene/polymer composites for energy applications. The challenges and prospects in this field have also been discussed. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 231-253 KEYWORDS: composites; energy; fuel cell; graphene; lithium ion battery; redox polymers; solar cell; supercapacitor; synthesis INTRODUCTION Energy is one of the most important recent topics of concern to human society. To replace conventional fossil fuels, clean and renewable energies based on sunlight, wind, new chemicals, and biofuels are urgently demanded. Therefore, materials that can directly convert or store renewable energies are being extensively studied. Among them, graphene has recently attracted a great deal of attention because of its unique atom-thick two-dimensional (2D) structure 1,2 and excellent electrical, 2 thermal, 3 optical, and mechanical properties. 4,5 Graphene is a promising material for applications in various energy-related systems such as supercapacitors, 6-9 secondary batteries, 10-14 solar cells, 15-17 and fuel cells. [18][19][20] For this purpose, graphene materials are frequently blended with polymers to form functional composites. [21][22][23] The polymer component can improve the processability and/or flexibility of graphene materials, and also possibly provide them with new functions. To date, various graphene composites with insulating or conducting polymers (CPs) have been prepared through noncovalent 22 or covalent approaches. 24 They have also been applied as electrodes for supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries (LIBs), 25-29 counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), 15,30,31 and transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) 32,33 or active layers of organic solar cells, 34 catalytic electrodes, and polymer electrolyte membranes of fuel cells. [35][36][37] This review focuses on summarizing the recent advances in the synthesis of graphene/polymer composites and their energy applications.

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Graphene based new energy materials

Cited by 1,801 publications

References 223 publications

Evaluating the performance of nanostructured materials as lithium-ion battery electrodes

Evaluating the performance of nanostructured materials as lithium-ion battery electrodes

Electrochemical Applications of Two-Dimensional Nanosheets: The Effect of Nanosheet Length and Thickness

Graphene/polymer composites for energy applications

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