Graphene-based field effect transistor (GFET) as nanobiosensors

Farmani, Homa; Farmani, Ali; Nguyen, Tuan Anh

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824007-6.00012-5

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“… The main development history of biosensors: ( a ) electrochemical biosensors [ 6 ]; ( b ) microthermal biosensors [ 7 ]; ( c ) biofield effect transistors [ 8 ]; ( d ) fiber-optic biosensors [ 9 ]; ( e ) acoustic biosensors [ 10 ]; ( f ) surface plasmon resonance biosensors [ 11 ]; ( g ) molecularly imprinted biosensors [ 12 ]; ( h ) biological chips [ 13 ]; ( i ) optic biosensors [ 14 ]; ( j ) nano cantilever biosensors [ 15 ]; ( k ) nano-biosensors [ 16 ]; ( l ) molecular biosensors [ 17 ]; ( m ) portable biosensors [ 18 ]; ( n ) wearable biosensors [ 19 ]; ( o ) in vivo biosensors [ 20 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospinning-Based Biosensors for Health Monitoring

Chen

et al. 2022

Biosensors

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In recent years, many different biosensors are being used to monitor physical health. Electrospun nanofiber materials have the advantages of high specific surface area, large porosity and simple operation. These properties play a vital role in biosensors. However, the mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibers are poor relative to other techniques of nanofiber production. At the same time, the organic solvents used in electrospinning are generally toxic and expensive. Meanwhile, the excellent performance of electrospun nanofibers brings about higher levels of sensitivity and detection range of biosensors. This paper summarizes the principle and application of electrospinning technology in biosensors and its comparison with other technologies.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospinning-Based Biosensors for Health Monitoring

Chen

et al. 2022

Biosensors

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“…Accompanied by other two‐dimensional (2D) materials, graphene has already opened new prospects in modern nanoelectronic applications [ 15–18 ] and also holds a great promise for bio‐ and neuro‐ applications due to its extraordinary conductivity and good bio‐compatibility. [ 19–21 ] In particular, graphene‐based FETs (GFETs) and microelectrode arrays (MEAs), both rigid and flexible, have been reported to successfully interface with electrogenic cells as well as live tissues. [ 22–24 ] However, the absence of a bandgap on graphene results in large “off” state currents, and the effect of a non‐negligible quantum capacitance limiting effective out‐of‐plane electrical coupling to the biomolecules or electrostatic potentials created by the cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accompanied by other two-dimensional (2D) materials, graphene has already opened new prospects in modern nanoelectronic applications [15][16][17][18] and also holds a great promise for bio-and neuroapplications due to its extraordinary conductivity and good biocompatibility. [19][20][21] In particular, graphene-based FETs (GFETs) and microelectrode arrays (MEAs), both rigid and flexible, have been reported to successfully interface with electrogenic cellsThe combination of graphene and silicon in hybrid electronic devices has attracted increasing attention over the last decade. Here, a unique technology of graphene-on-silicon heterostructures as solution-gated transistors for bioelectronics applications is presented.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Graphene‐on‐Silicon Hybrid Field‐Effect Transistors

Fomin

Marín

Pasadas

et al. 2023

Adv Elect Materials

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This continuous downsizing has brought numerous advantages but also relevant challenges, coming hand-in-hand with the conception of novel and varied applications. [3][4][5][6] Among them, biosensing and bioelectronic applications have been successfully explored [7,8] , e.g., employing functionalized specific biomarkers on SiFETs surface, enabling selective label-free detection. [9,10] Silicon has also been utilized for numerous in vitro recordings of electrogenic cells (cardiac or neural) or even in vivo mapping of the whole brain. [11,12] However, it is known to be a bioresorbable material that degrades over time once immersed in saline, thus, suffering from a limited operation time for in vivo applications. [13,14] While silicon still dominates the industrial semiconductor scene, a new material has emerged rather recently, transforming materials science: graphene. Accompanied by other two-dimensional (2D) materials, graphene has already opened new prospects in modern nanoelectronic applications [15][16][17][18] and also holds a great promise for bio-and neuroapplications due to its extraordinary conductivity and good biocompatibility. [19][20][21] In particular, graphene-based FETs (GFETs) and microelectrode arrays (MEAs), both rigid and flexible, have been reported to successfully interface with electrogenic cellsThe combination of graphene and silicon in hybrid electronic devices has attracted increasing attention over the last decade. Here, a unique technology of graphene-on-silicon heterostructures as solution-gated transistors for bioelectronics applications is presented. The proposed graphene-onsilicon field-effect transistors (GoSFETs) are fabricated by exploiting various conformations of channel doping and dimensions. The fabricated devices demonstrate hybrid behavior with features specific to both graphene and silicon, which are rationalized via a comprehensive physics-based compact model which is purposely implemented and validated against measured data. The developed theory corroborates that the device hybrid behavior can be explained in terms of two independent silicon and graphene carrier transport channels, which are, however, strongly electrostatically coupled. Although GoSFET transconductance and carrier mobility are found to be lower than in conventional silicon or graphene field-effect transistors, it is observed that the combination of both materials within the hybrid channel contributes uniquely to the electrical response. Specifically, it is found that the graphene sheet acts as a shield for the silicon channel, giving rise to a nonuniform potential distribution along it, which impacts the transport, especially at the subthreshold region, due to non-negligible diffusion current.

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“…In recent years, field-effect transistors based on graphene and graphene-derived materials (GFETs) have received an increasing amount of attention owing to their unique properties, such as high sensitivity and precision, low cost, ease of surface functionalization, low operating power requirement, and miniaturization [ 5 ]. The GFETs are an improved alternative to conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, unique electrical properties, high sensitivity, good chemical stability, and biocompatibility, making them suitable for biomolecule detection [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-Effect Transistors Based on Single-Layer Graphene and Graphene-Derived Materials

et al. 2023

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The progress of advanced materials has invoked great interest in promising novel biosensing applications. Field-effect transistors (FETs) are excellent options for biosensing devices due to the variability of the utilized materials and the self-amplifying role of electrical signals. The focus on nanoelectronics and high-performance biosensors has also generated an increasing demand for easy fabrication methods, as well as for economical and revolutionary materials. One of the innovative materials used in biosensing applications is graphene, on account of its remarkable properties, such as high thermal and electrical conductivity, potent mechanical properties, and high surface area to immobilize the receptors in biosensors. Besides graphene, other competing graphene-derived materials (GDMs) have emerged in this field, with comparable properties and improved cost-efficiency and ease of fabrication. In this paper, a comparative experimental study is presented for the first time, for FETs having a channel fabricated from three different graphenic materials: single-layer graphene (SLG), graphene/graphite nanowalls (GNW), and bulk nanocrystalline graphite (bulk-NCG). The devices are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and I-V measurements. An increased electrical conductance is observed for the bulk-NCG-based FET, despite its higher defect density, the channel displaying a transconductance of up to ≊4.9×10−3 A V−1, and a charge carrier mobility of ≊2.86×10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, at a source-drain potential of 3 V. An improvement in sensitivity due to Au nanoparticle functionalization is also acknowledged, with an increase of the ON/OFF current ratio of over four times, from ≊178.95 to ≊746.43, for the bulk-NCG FETs.

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Graphene-based field effect transistor (GFET) as nanobiosensors

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Electrospinning-Based Biosensors for Health Monitoring

Electrospinning-Based Biosensors for Health Monitoring

Graphene‐on‐Silicon Hybrid Field‐Effect Transistors

Field-Effect Transistors Based on Single-Layer Graphene and Graphene-Derived Materials

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