Graphene-Based Advanced Materials: Properties and Their Key Applications

Graphene-based nanosheets for stronger and more durable concrete: A review

“…Aspect ratio 6000-600,000 [34] 1000-10,000 [34] Specific surface area (m 2 g -1 ) ~2360 [35] 900-1000 [36] Density (kg m -3 ) 2200 [34] 1330 [34] Graphene Silver…”

“…The potential of GNS to transform construction materials is not solely related to these unique properties, but also to the graphene's geometry. Thanks to its 2D structure, a single sheet of graphene exhibits a specific surface area of ~2360 m 2 g -1 [35], more than twice to that of CNT [36]. The large surface area of graphene is important because it maximizes the interaction of surrounding materials or environment with its superb electrical, thermal, chemical and surface properties, reducing its rate of addition into the composite.…”

“…At moderate temperatures, graphene is a stable nanomaterial and exhibits great chemical inertness. According to ab initio calculations, when a carbon structure is composed by more than 24,000 atoms, graphene is the most stable carbon phase [35,75,76]. Regarding GO, it may undergo spontaneous chemical modifications at ambient conditions, displaying a decrease in the oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O/C) over time and in the number of epoxide groups [77][78][79].…”