Graphene-Assisted Goos–Hänchen Shift in a Planar Multilayer Configuration in the Visible Light Range

Abstract

In this paper, the graphene-assisted Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift of the optical beam reflected from a planar multilayer configuration is investigated. The increased positive Goos–Hänchen shifts can be modulated by adjusting the Fermi energy due to graphene with unique optical properties in the visible light range. Moreover, the GH shift can be tuned by varying the layers of graphene, the thickness of the medium, incident wavelength, and so on. These results will be useful for designing the novel graphene-based optical sensing and switching.

Sandwich heterostructure of transition metal dichalcogenide/graphene as tunable lateral reflection shifter

“…The theoretical studies such as Refs. 24, 35–37 have reported shifts in heterostructures that could be positive or negative using different materials at different angles of radiation. However, they do not include a discussion on the reason.…”

“…Significant enhancement of the GH shift was achieved by excitation of surface plasmon waves on metal surfaces, 19 Bloch surface waves in photonic crystals, 20 gradient metasurfaces, 21 subwavelength gratings, 22 coherent medium, 23 and graphene. 24 Aside from graphene, monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are direct bandgap semiconductors, offering properties in contrast to graphene. These two-dimensional (2D) materials commonly possess unique optical bandgap structures, extremely strong lightmatter interactions, and large specific surface areas.…”

“…[31][32][33][34] Most of these studies rely on plasmonic or bulky structures to obtain large GH shifts. Lin et al 24 investigated a planar symmetric multilayer structure composed of optical glass BF11, silicon dioxide (with a thickness of 675 nm), graphene, and boron nitride (with a thickness of 5 nm) at visible wavelengths. The GH shift reached −90 λ in the single-layer graphene state, whereas the double-layer graphene rapidly attenuated the shift to −40 λ.…”

“…Different materials and structures were also considered to enhance the GH effect. Significant enhancement of the GH shift was achieved by excitation of surface plasmon waves on metal surfaces, 19 Bloch surface waves in photonic crystals, 20 gradient metasurfaces, 21 subwavelength gratings, 22 coherent medium, 23 and graphene 24 …”

“… – 34 Most of these studies rely on plasmonic or bulky structures to obtain large GH shifts. Lin et al 24 . investigated a planar symmetric multilayer structure composed of optical glass BF11, silicon dioxide (with a thickness of 675 nm), graphene, and boron nitride (with a thickness of 5 nm) at visible wavelengths.…”