Graphene-assisted all-fiber phase shifter and switching

Gan, Xuetao; Zhao, Chenyang; Wang, Yadong; Mao, Dong; Fang, Liang; Han, Lei

doi:10.1364/optica.2.000468

Cited by 197 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…5b) and a micro-disk resonator 116 . Another recent study used an opticallycontrolled graphene heater to change the fibre's refractive index in a fibre based Mach-Zehnder interferometer for all-fibre phase shifter and switching 117 . Thus far, demonstrated graphene thermo-optic modulators have high extinction ratios as high as 30 dB 114 , and MHz 115 response, comparable to the traditional material based thermo-optic modulators.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optical modulators with 2D layered materials

2016

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Light modulation is an essential operation in photonics and optoelectronics. With existing and emerging technologies increasingly demanding compact, efficient, fast and broadband optical modulators, high-performance light modulation solutions are becoming indispensable. The recent realization that two-dimensional layered materials could modulate light with superior performance has prompted intense research and significant advances, paving the way for realistic applications. In this review, we cover the state-of-the-art of optical modulators based on two-dimensional layered materials including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorus. We discuss recent advances employing hybrid structures, such as two-dimensional heterostructures, plasmonic structures, and silicon/fibre integrated structures. We also take a look at future perspectives and discuss the potential of yet relatively unexplored mechanisms such as magneto-optic and acousto-optic modulation.

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confidence: 99%

Optical modulators with 2D layered materials

2016

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“…In the parallel, optical modulators attracted a great amount of research interest in photonics and optoelectronics thanks to their large bandwidth and low loss, and achieved tremendous progress in pulsed laser engineering, optical information processing, environmental sensing and optical interconnects over the past few years . Various types of optical modulators had been developed based on different operation mechanisms, including electro‐optic, thermo‐optic, all‐optical modulators, etc. Among these, all‐optical modulators have been widely investigated for their fast response, broad bandwidth and compact size, within which the signal light can be modulated in photonic domain without applying any external electronic, thermal and/or other physics effects .…”

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confidence: 99%

All‐Optical Phosphorene Phase Modulator with Enhanced Stability Under Ambient Conditions

Wang

Zhang

Tang

et al. 2018

Laser & Photonics Reviews

163

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All‐optical modulators, wherein signal light can be manipulated by another controlling light, have recently emerged as a promising perspective in all‐optical communications, interconnects and signal processing. Herein, by taking advantage of the strong light‐matter interaction and thickness‐dependent direct energy bandgap in few‐layer phosphorene, an all‐fiber all‐optical modulator based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer comprising few‐layer fluorinated phosphorene‐deposited microfiber has been devised and further demonstrated with phase modulation ability. The phase shift of the signal light, capable of being converted into intensity modulation, could be readily controlled by the photothermal effect in phosphorene. A maximal phase shift of 8π is obtained at a control light of 290 mW, corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 0.029 π mW−1. The optical information carried by the control light is successfully copied towards the signal light with a modulation depth of 17 dB and a rise time constant of 2.5 ms. Stability under ambient conditions is enhanced significantly thanks to atomistic fluorination in phosphorene that can overcome drawbacks of easy oxidation of intrinsic phosphorene and maintain performance for a long term. This prototypical phosphorene‐based all‐optical phase modulator will have a great potential to be applied in all‐optical information processing and be integrated into optical fiber systems.

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“…However, most applications in planar structure/waveguide-coupled graphene optoelectronic devices require the enhanced light-matter interaction such as absorption, and optical fiber with evanescent field leaking out is a promising alternative approach, which provides sufficient interaction length, compared with the extremely limited length (only thickness of graphene) for normal incident light in conventional free-space optical system [10]. Already, the guiding, coupling and polarizing of light in microfibers, side-polished (D-shape) fibers and etched fiber grating structures, have been manipulated to achieve the all-optical modulators [11], switches [12], polarizers [4], sensors [13], etc.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1(b) shows a microscopic image of the tilted fringes at ~82° in the fiber core by a high-resolution microscope (Carl Zeiss Axiotron 2). The graphene film used was grown on copper foils using chemical vapor deposition and had a five-layer thickness on each side of the foil to provide stronger interaction with the evanescent field than the monolayer graphene [12,15]. The number was distinguished by a transmission electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy [16].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In the simulation model, a 4nm thick graphene layer was placed around the standard single-mode fiber (SMF) Ex-TFG, and the graphene's refractive index was calculated according to the intraband and interband conductivities ()=intra()+inter() described in Refs. [4,12,20]. Figure 4(a) shows radial distributions of TM and TE modal fields of the highorder (28th-order as an example) cladding mode at wavelength of 1.5m in Ex-TFG structure.…”

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Graphene-induced unique polarization tuning properties of excessively tilted fiber grating

et al. 2016

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By exploiting the polarization-sensitive coupling effect of graphene with the optical mode, we investigate the polarization modulation properties of a hybrid waveguide of graphene-integrated excessively tilted fiber grating (Ex-TFG). The theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that the real and imaginary parts of complex refractive index of few-layer graphene exhibit different effects on transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) cladding modes of the Ex-TFG, enabling stronger absorption in TE mode and more wavelength shift in TM mode. Furthermore, the surrounding refractive index can modulate the complex optical constant of graphene and then the polarization properties of the hybrid waveguide, such as resonant wavelength and peak intensity. Therefore, the unique polarization tuning property induced by the integration of graphene layer with Ex-TFG may endow potential applications in all-in fiber modulator, fiber laser and biochemical sensor.

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Graphene-assisted all-fiber phase shifter and switching

Cited by 197 publications

References 20 publications

Optical modulators with 2D layered materials

Optical modulators with 2D layered materials

All‐Optical Phosphorene Phase Modulator with Enhanced Stability Under Ambient Conditions

Graphene-induced unique polarization tuning properties of excessively tilted fiber grating

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