Graphene and Selected Derivatives as Negative Electrodes in Sodium‐ and Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Pramudita, James C.; Pontiroli, Daniele; Magnani, Giacomo; Gaboardi, Mattia; Riccò, Mauro; Milanese, Chiara; Brand, Helen E. A.; Sharma, Neeraj

doi:10.1002/celc.201402352

Cited by 48 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Similar findings were observed for Li and Ca adsorption (Fig. 5) [74][75][76], and such findings have been experimentally verified in half-cells by other groups [77].…”

Section: Negative Electrode Materialssupporting

confidence: 76%

Beyond Li-ion: electrode materials for sodium- and magnesium-ion batteries

2015

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to develop and install renewable energy harvesting technologies [3]. However, their successful implementation will be dependent on reliable and robust storage devices since harvesting solar and wind energy is inherently intermittent and the majority of consumption targets cannot be readily tethered to the grid.As energy storage devices, batteries possess high portability, high energy density, high Coulombic efficiency, and long cycle life. They are ideal power sources for portable devices, automobiles, and backup power supplies; accordingly, batteries power nearly all of our mobile electronics and are used to improve the efficiency of hybrid electric vehicles [4,5]. Unfortunately, considerable improvements in performance are still required in order to meet the demands of advanced portable devices and achieve energy sustainability (e.g., through smart grid and electric vehicle technologies) [6]. These enduring needs have driven intensive research investments. While efforts have been successful, there is still significant room for improvement regarding the development and understanding of electrode materials [7]. The overall capacity and potential cycling window of many electrode materials are limited to prevent degradation over long term cycling. In addition to exploring new electrode materials, there have been strong efforts to improve those that are already utilized. Expense reduction is a priority as approximately 23% and 8% of the overall battery pack costs stem from the respective cathode and anode active materials alone [8].An alkali-ion battery consists of several electrochemical cells connected in parallel and/or in series to provide a designated current or voltage. Each electrochemical cell has two electrodes separated by an electrolyte that is electrically insulating but ionically conductive. During discharge, when the alkali-ion battery operates as a galvanic cell, alkali ions exit the negative electrode (typically carbon) and insert themselves into the positive electrode while electronsThe need for economical and sustainable energy storage drives battery research today. While Li-ion batteries are the most mature technology, scalable electrochemical energy storage applications benefit from reductions in cost and improved safety. Sodium-and magnesium-ion batteries are two technologies that may prove to be viable alternatives. Both metals are cheaper and more abundant than Li, and have better safety characteristics, while divalent magnesium has the added bonus of passing twice as much charge per atom. On the other hand, both are still emerging fields of research with challenges to overcome. For example, electrodes incorporating Na + are often pulverized under the repeated strain of shuttling the relatively large ion, while insertion and transport of Mg 2+ is often kinetically slow, which stems from larger electrostatic forces. This review provides an overview of cathode and anode materials for sodium-ion batteries, and a comprehensive summary of research on cathodes for magnesium-ion batteries. In additi...

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“…Similar findings were observed for Li and Ca adsorption (Fig. 5) [74][75][76], and such findings have been experimentally verified in half-cells by other groups [77].…”

Section: Negative Electrode Materialssupporting

confidence: 76%

Beyond Li-ion: electrode materials for sodium- and magnesium-ion batteries

2015

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“…The specific capacity retains at a high level of 335 mA h g −1 even at 3 A g −1 , which is attributed to the low contact and charge transfer resistance provided by the efficient interconnected conducting network of the hierarchical porous structure (Figure d). The loss in capacity is 25% from 1270 mA h g −1 to 949 mA h g −1 from the end of the first series of 100 mA g −1 cycles to the start of the last series of 100 mA g −1 , suggesting the RGO/Ni foam anode electrode is tolerant to high current rates . Figure e shows the cycle stability of RGO/Ni foam composite at a current density of 200 mA g −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hierarchical Porous Graphene/Ni Foam Composite with High Performances in Energy Storage Prepared by Flame Reduction of Graphene Oxide

Yang

Han

et al. 2017

ChemElectroChem

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A highly conducting porous architecture with plenty of stable oxygen‐containing groups is designed to endow graphene electrodes with both high rate performance and high capacitance in energy storage. By exposing the graphene oxide/Ni foam composite to an epitaxial flame of a lighter for a few seconds, the resultant reduced graphene oxide/Ni foam (RGO/Ni foam) composite shows a three‐dimensional hierarchical porous structure with plenty of stable oxygen‐containing groups, owing to the expansion and moderate reduction of graphene oxide sheets inside the Ni foam. As a supercapacitor electrode, the porous RGO/Ni foam composite exhibits an exceptional specific capacitance of 407.2 F g−1 at 500 mA g−1. An enlarged operation voltage of 1.8 V is also realized when packaging the RGO/Ni foam composite into a symmetric two‐electrode cell configuration, exhibiting high energy density and power density. As an anode electrode in a lithium‐ion battery, the first discharge/charge capacities of the RGO/Ni foam composite are 2194/1372 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1. This work gives great inspiration for the large‐scale production of high‐performance graphene‐based electrodes for energy storage.

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“…Hydrophobicity precludes chemical bond formation with sodium ions, thereby improving reversibility and extended cyclability during charge discharge chemistry.In the context of the geographic and temporal variations of renewable energy resources, metal ion batteries and new generation supercapacitors assume larger space as efficient energy storage modules. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] So far non-aqueous metal ion batteries have dominated the consumer electronics, transport technologies and electrical grid as the prime storage technology. [17][18][19] Aqueous metal ion batteries though being environmentally benign, are rare in these contexts mainly due to serious instability of the state of the art anode materials in aquatic environment.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Rechargeable Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Battery

et al. 2019

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We report a rechargeable sodium-ion battery in an aqueous environment with hydrophobic few-layer graphene as the capacitive anode and hexacyanometallate as the insertion cathode. Owing to the lack of hydrophilic functionalities, sodium-ion adsorption is selectively favored over H + adsorption at the hydrophobic anode/electrolyte interface without the complexity of widely encountered hydrogen-ion insertion/H 2 evolution. Hydrophobicity precludes chemical bond formation with sodium ions, thereby improving reversibility and extended cyclability during charge discharge chemistry.In the context of the geographic and temporal variations of renewable energy resources, metal ion batteries and new generation supercapacitors assume larger space as efficient energy storage modules. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] So far non-aqueous metal ion batteries have dominated the consumer electronics, transport technologies and electrical grid as the prime storage technology. [17][18][19] Aqueous metal ion batteries though being environmentally benign, are rare in these contexts mainly due to serious instability of the state of the art anode materials in aquatic environment. [20][21][22] They suffer from spontaneous deinsertion reactions, unwanted swelling, undesirable proton insertion and parasitic H 2 evolution reactions, consequently degrading the anode entity during the long run. [23][24][25][26] The seminal works of Goodenough et. al., Wainwright et al, Yi Cui et. al, and Kang Kisuk et al., on anode materials for aqueous metal ion batteries are noteworthy in this direction. [23,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Here we report an aqueous sodium ion battery with extended cyclability using hydrophobic few layer graphene (FLG) as sodium ion adsorption anode and metal hexacyanoferrate (MHF) as the insertion cathode in aquatic environment. Hydrophobic FLG was produced by the reduction of graphene oxide's (GO) hydrophilic functionalities using Fe powder over conventionally used chemical reducing agents such as hydrazine and NaBH 4 [34,35] which predominantly yielded incompletely reduced GO thereby affecting its electrical and electronic properties. [34][35][36] We show here that the mode of reduction and therefore the hydrophobicity of FLG noticeably affect metal ion adsorption and charge-discharge chemistry at the anode/ electrolyte interface.FLG formed by two types of reduction processes are compared here, one by the Fe powder reduction method and the other by the conventional borohydride reduction method (see experimental section for more details). Few layers structure of graphene formed by the two reduction methods are evident in their atomic force microscopy images and the corresponding line profiles, Figures 1a and 1b, indicating that each flake approximately contains 3-4 graphene layers.The Raman spectra demonstrate a higher I D /I G ratio (intensity of defect band/intensity of graphitic band) for the FLG formed by borohydride reduction method compared to the corresponding FLG obtained by Fe powder reduction m...

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Graphene and Selected Derivatives as Negative Electrodes in Sodium‐ and Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Cited by 48 publications

References 44 publications

Beyond Li-ion: electrode materials for sodium- and magnesium-ion batteries

Beyond Li-ion: electrode materials for sodium- and magnesium-ion batteries

Hierarchical Porous Graphene/Ni Foam Composite with High Performances in Energy Storage Prepared by Flame Reduction of Graphene Oxide

A Rechargeable Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Battery

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