Graphene and carbon nanotube structures supported on mesoporous xerogel carbon as catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells

Arbizzani, Catia; Righi, Sara; Soavi, Francesca; Mastragostino, Marina

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.01.083

Cited by 47 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These graphitized nanostructures have a great potential to be utilized as ORR catalysts or as support materials due to their high surface areas, long term stability in polluted conditions, mechanical strength and more importantly, highly electrical conductivities [48], [49]. AC is the most utilized cathode catalyst in MFCs as showed by Wang et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional graphene nanosheets as cathode catalysts in standard and supercapacitive microbial fuel cell

Santoro

Kodali

Kabir

et al. 2017

Journal of Power Sources

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113

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Three-dimensional graphene nanosheets (3D-GNS) were used as cathode catalysts for microbial fuel cells (MFCs) operating in neutral conditions. 3D-GNS catalysts showed high performance towards oxygen electroreduction in neutral media with high current densities and low hydrogen peroxide generation compared to activated carbon (AC). 3D-GNS was incorporated into air-breathing cathodes based on AC with three different loadings (2, 6 and 10 mgcm−2). Performances in MFCs showed that 3D-GNS had the highest performances with power densities of 2.059 ± 0.003 Wm-2, 1.855 ± 0.007 Wm-2 and 1.503 ± 0.005 Wm-2 for loading of 10, 6 and 2 mgcm−2 respectively. Plain AC had the lowest performances (1.017 ± 0.009 Wm-2). The different cathodes were also investigated in supercapacitive MFCs (SC-MFCs). The addition of 3D-GNS decreased the ohmic losses by 14–25%. The decrease in ohmic losses allowed the SC-MFC with 3D-GNS (loading 10 mgcm−2) to have the maximum power (Pmax) of 5.746 ± 0.186 Wm-2. At 5 mA, the SC-MFC featured an “apparent” capacitive response that increased from 0.027 ± 0.007 F with AC to 0.213 ± 0.026 F with 3D-GNS (loading 2 mgcm−2) and further to 1.817 ± 0.040 F with 3D-GNS (loading 10 mgcm−2).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional graphene nanosheets as cathode catalysts in standard and supercapacitive microbial fuel cell

Santoro

Kodali

Kabir

et al. 2017

Journal of Power Sources

Self Cite

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…11 Table 1 summarized the preparation parameters and the corresponding ORR activities of NNMCs reported in the past two years. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Also, nitrogen is a necessary component of the catalyst site to form an active catalyst as es-tablished by Fournier et al 27 and widely confirmed by experiments. Hence, we only collect the literatures regarding the addition of nitrogen-containing precursor to the synthetic reactions during preparation.…”

Section: Non-noble Metal-based Electrocatalysts Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Carbon‐Incorporated Non‐Noble Transition Metal Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Hung

Chen

et al. 2013

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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Considerable efforts have been exerted in the development of non-noble metal catalysts (NNMCs) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The effects of the preparation strategy, including carbon support, metal and nitrogen precursors, as well as heat-treatment conditions, on the ORR activity for such NNMCs have also been extensively explored. In this review, we mainly focused on the recent advances in carbon-incorporated NNMCs, specifically carbon-incorporated iron nitride (FeCN)-based catalysts. Influences of pyrolysis temperature on the crystalline and local structures, chemical environment, morphology, and ORR activity of FeCN-based catalysts were discussed, and the ORR mechanism was also proposed.

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“…As shown in Figure 1, there are three sections in the PEMFC, including an anode where H 2 would be oxidized (hydrogen oxidation reaction, HOR), a cathode where O 2 would be reduced (ORR), and a proton exchange membrane through which H + could be transferred from the anode to the cathode [31][32][33]. The reaction on the cathode, the ORR, is a complex process which involves various basic and irreversible intermediate reactions [34,35]. It can be seen from Figure 2 that the process could proceed through two pathways: A direct four-electron way or an indirect two-electron way, varying with the electrode material and pH of the electrolyte.…”

Section: Brief Introduction Of the Orr Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Non-Precious Transition Metal/Nitrogen-doped Carbon for Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts in PEMFCs

Song

Sha

et al. 2020

Catalysts

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The proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been considered as promising future energy conversion devices, and have attracted immense scientific attention due to their high efficiency and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, the practical application of PEMFCs has been seriously restricted by high cost, low earth abundance and the poor poisoning tolerance of the precious Pt-based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. Noble-metal-free transition metal/nitrogen-doped carbon (M–NxC) catalysts have been proven as one of the most promising substitutes for precious metal catalysts, due to their low costs and high catalytic performance. In this review, we summarize the development of M–NxC catalysts, including the previous non-pyrolyzed and pyrolyzed transition metal macrocyclic compounds, and recent developed M–NxC catalysts, among which the Fe–NxC and Co–NxC catalysts have gained our special attention. The possible catalytic active sites of M–NxC catalysts towards the ORR are also analyzed here. This review aims to provide some guidelines towards the design and structural regulation of non-precious M–NxC catalysts via identifying real active sites, and thus, enhancing their ORR electrocatalytic performance.

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Graphene and carbon nanotube structures supported on mesoporous xerogel carbon as catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells

Cited by 47 publications

References 20 publications

Three-dimensional graphene nanosheets as cathode catalysts in standard and supercapacitive microbial fuel cell

Three-dimensional graphene nanosheets as cathode catalysts in standard and supercapacitive microbial fuel cell

Advances in Carbon‐Incorporated Non‐Noble Transition Metal Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Recent Advances in Non-Precious Transition Metal/Nitrogen-doped Carbon for Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts in PEMFCs

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