“…Graphene oxide (GO) is a widely used 2D material for various futuristic applications. − Since GO exfoliated from graphite is inherently an insulator due to its many defects between sp 2 carbon clusters which impede carrier transport, it has to be restored to near-natural graphene form for useful applications in graphene-based devices that require high electrical conductivity. − GO is known to include oxygen-containing groups, such as ether, epoxide, and hydroxyl groups, on the basal plane of the graphene sheet, while the edge of the sheet is considered to be mostly covered with −COOH, −OH, and CO. ,− In particular, the oxygen group of the basal plane has a decisive effect on the electrical properties of graphene due to structural deformation and defects . The well-established reduction methods for GO utilize deoxidation and recrystallization mechanisms with the help of chemicals and high temperatures. − For deoxygenation, chemical reducing agents, such as hydrazine compounds and sodium borohydride, have been commonly used to remove oxygen groups. However, most chemical reductions involve a destructive method, which results in insufficient restoration, as well as toxic chemicals .…”