Graphene: An overview of its characteristics and applications

Sharma, Neeraj; Gupta, Rahul Dev; Sharma, Rakesh Chandmal; Dayal, Sunny; Yadav, Anil Singh

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.03.086

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Graphene oxide (GO) is a widely used 2D material for various futuristic applications. − Since GO exfoliated from graphite is inherently an insulator due to its many defects between sp 2 carbon clusters which impede carrier transport, it has to be restored to near-natural graphene form for useful applications in graphene-based devices that require high electrical conductivity. − GO is known to include oxygen-containing groups, such as ether, epoxide, and hydroxyl groups, on the basal plane of the graphene sheet, while the edge of the sheet is considered to be mostly covered with −COOH, −OH, and CO. ,− In particular, the oxygen group of the basal plane has a decisive effect on the electrical properties of graphene due to structural deformation and defects . The well-established reduction methods for GO utilize deoxidation and recrystallization mechanisms with the help of chemicals and high temperatures. − For deoxygenation, chemical reducing agents, such as hydrazine compounds and sodium borohydride, have been commonly used to remove oxygen groups. However, most chemical reductions involve a destructive method, which results in insufficient restoration, as well as toxic chemicals .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphitization with Suppressed Carbon Loss for High-Quality Reduced Graphene Oxide

et al. 2021

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An efficient reduction method to obtain high-quality graphene sheets from mass-producible graphene oxide is highly desirable for practical applications. Here, we report an in situ deoxidation and graphitization mechanism for graphene oxide that allows for high-quality reduced graphene oxide sheets under the low temperature condition (<300 °C) by utilizing a well-known Fischer–Tropsch reaction catalyst (CuFeO2). By applying modified FTR conditions, where graphene oxide was reduced on the catalyst surface under the hydrogen-poor condition, deoxidation with much suppressed carbon loss was possible, resulting in high-quality graphene sheets. Our experimental data and density functional theory calculations proved that reduction which occurred on the CuFeO2 surface preferentially removed adsorbed oxygen atoms in graphene oxide sheets, leaving dissociated carbon structures to be restored to a near-perfect few-layer graphene sheet. TGA-mass data revealed that GO with catalysts released 92.8% less carbon-containing gases than GO without catalysts during the reduction process, which suggests that this process suppressed carbon loss in graphene oxide sheets, leading to near-perfect graphene. The amount of oxygen related to the epoxide group in the basal plane of GO significantly decreased to near zero (from 43.84 to 0.48 at. %) in catalyst-assisted reduced graphene oxide (CA-rGO). The average domain size and the density of defects of CA-rGO were 4 times larger and 0.1 times lower than those for thermally reduced graphene oxide (TrGO), respectively. As a result, CA-rGO had a 246 and 8 times lower electrical resistance than TrGO and CVD-graphene. With these performances, CA-rGO coated paper connected to a coin-cell battery successfully lit an LED bulb, and CA-rGO itself acted as an efficient catalyst for both the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphitization with Suppressed Carbon Loss for High-Quality Reduced Graphene Oxide

et al. 2021

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“…Due to its exceptional mechanical properties and ductility, graphene is the ideal material to be used as a bearing surface for cantilevers. [48][49][50] Fig. 2(a) presents the SEM image of the graphene film suspended on the capillary end face, from which we can ensure the smooth and flat graphene film has been successfully transferred to the capillary surface.…”

Section: Sensor Fabrication and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber-tip Fabry–Pérot interferometer with a graphene–Au–Pd cantilever for trace hydrogen sensing

Zhong,

Lu,

Liu

et al. 2023

Lab Chip

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“…Aspect ratio: It is the relationship between duct width and duct height. This element is also very important when looking at the thermo-hydraulic performance of a system [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62].…”

Section: Fig 2 Various Ribsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Solar Air Heaters for Crop Drying

Sahu¹,

Sanodiya²

2021

IJAE

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Solar air heaters are placed on farms to provide heat for the drying of grain and crop harvesting and harvesting. The results of the thermal study showed that solar air heaters are capable of providing a sufficient increase in air temperature under the majority of crop drying circumstances studied. The restricted thermal capacity of air, as well as the low heat transfer coefficient between the absorber plate and the air flow via the ducting system, both contribute to the overall thermal efficiency of solar air heaters. Solar air heaters must be more efficient in order to be more affordable. This may be accomplished by increasing the heat transfer coefficient between the absorber plate and the air flow passing through the duct. More heat transfer coefficients can be increased by using either active or passive approaches. In most situations, it may be cost-effective to use solar air heaters and incorporate artificial roughness on the absorber plate. The rate of heat transmission from the solar air heater's duct to the fluid flow may be increased by creating artificial roughness on the surface of the duct. The study focused on several roughness element geometries for solar air heater ducts, and the results indicated that there is a link between the two. This paper attempts to find ways to artificially increase the heat transfer capacity of solar air heaters' ducts by using element geometries which have been utilised in solar air heaters' heat transfer devices.

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Graphene: An overview of its characteristics and applications

Cited by 19 publications

References 51 publications

Graphitization with Suppressed Carbon Loss for High-Quality Reduced Graphene Oxide

Graphitization with Suppressed Carbon Loss for High-Quality Reduced Graphene Oxide

Fiber-tip Fabry–Pérot interferometer with a graphene–Au–Pd cantilever for trace hydrogen sensing

Enhanced Solar Air Heaters for Crop Drying

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