Graphene: An Emerging Electronic Material

Abstract

Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms in a honeycomb lattice, offers a number of fundamentally superior qualities that make it a promising material for a wide range of applications, particularly in electronic devices. Its unique form factor and exceptional physical properties have the potential to enable an entirely new generation of technologies beyond the limits of conventional materials. The extraordinarily high carrier mobility and saturation velocity can enable a fast switching speed for radio-frequency analog circuits. Unadulterated graphene is a semi-metal, incapable of a true off-state, which typically precludes its applications in digital logic electronics without bandgap engineering. The versatility of graphene-based devices goes beyond conventional transistor circuits and includes flexible and transparent electronics, optoelectronics, sensors, electromechanical systems, and energy technologies. Many challenges remain before this relatively new material becomes commercially viable, but laboratory prototypes have already shown the numerous advantages and novel functionality that graphene provides.

High Electrical Conductivity in Ni3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2, a Semiconducting Metal–Organic Graphene Analogue

“…[1][2][3] The most prominent example is graphene, an atomically thin organic 2D material with inplane π-conjugation. 4 Although graphene exhibits exceptional charge mobility and mechanical stability, its use in semiconductor-based devices is limited by its zero bandgap.…”

“…35 Despite the small particle size, the numerous intergrain boundaries, and the electrode contact resistances, the pellet conductivity of Ni 3 (HITP) 2 was 2 Scm - 1 . This is on the same order of magnitude as the two-probe pellet conductivity of some of the best organic conductors, 35 including the iconic TTF-TCNQ (σ pellet = 10 Scm -1 ).…”

How Low Nucleation Density of Graphene on CuNi Alloy is Achieved

“…Large single‐crystalline graphene wafers are highly desired for realizing many of graphene's potential applications with the optimal performance 1. However, the synthesis of wafer‐scale single‐crystalline graphene has been a great challenge in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth due to the nucleation of numerous graphene domains on the supported substrate.…”

From Seeds to Islands: Growth of Oxidized Graphene by Two-Photon Oxidation

“…Kevin Roberts, 3 Andreas Johansson, 1,3 Pasi Myllyperkiö, 1 substrates is studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman microspectroscopy and imaging. AFM imaging of areas oxidized by using a tightly focused femtosecond laser beam shows that oxidation is not homogeneous but oxidized and non-oxidized graphene segregate into separate domains over the whole irradiated area.…”