Graphen growth: 10B lead pencil, print paper, and femtosecond laser

Kaneko, Satoru; Rachi, Takeshi; Yasui, Manabu; Shimizu, Yoshitada; Tanaka, Satomi; Kato, C.; Satoh, Kazuo; Shawuti, Shalima; Can, Musa Mutlu; Endo, Tamio

doi:10.1109/icmap.2015.7408785

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…35,37) These elements accounted for 25.6%, which is reasonable for the graphite-clay ratio of the 2B pencil. 38) A slight amount of Na impurity may be found in natural clay materials. 35,39,40) Although the existence of lithium was not revealed, it cannot be denied because the EDX equipment cannot detect light elements.…”

Section: Edx Analysis Of Pencil Lead Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristic evaluation of pencil-drawn carbon electrode by potassium and sodium ion selectivity measurement and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

Kawahara

Kamahori

Murase

et al. 2020

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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This paper explains the ion-sensing mechanism and selectivity evaluation of the pencil-drawn carbon electrode (PCE) employed as a pH electrode in the authors’ previous report. The elemental composition of the PCE was found to be C, O, Si, Al, and Na by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The carbon is regarded as the graphite performing electrical conduction, while the other elements formed clay as an ion exchanger. Furthermore, the potential responses to K+ and Na+ were measured, and the selectivity is discussed quantitatively under the Eisenman equation which describes the ion exchanger potential with cation interference. The selectivity coefficients were estimated to be 10−4.10 to 10−3.87 and 10−5.00 to 10−4.89 for K+ and Na+ with n of 4 to 5, respectively. The EDX analysis and selectivity measurement show that the PCE might have ion exchange properties similar to those of a glass electrode and it sufficiently behaves as a pH electrode in wide targets having only slightly interfering cations.

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