“…The 218 spectra were classified using the Graph Clustering method, which was introduced by the Pisa group in 2016 for the classification of samples based on their Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy spectra [49,50] and then also successfully applied to the classification of samples from their X-Ray Fluorescence spectra [51]. The graph is represented by an adjacency matrix whose (i, j) elements are given by the correlation between the i and j spectra:…”
The detection and classification of microplastics in the marine environment is a complex task that implies the use of delicate and expensive instrumentation. In this paper, we present a preliminary feasibility study for the development of a low-cost, compact microplastics sensor that could be mounted, in principle, on a float of drifters, for the monitoring of large marine surfaces. The preliminary results of the study indicate that a simple sensor equipped with three infrared-sensitive photodiodes can reach classification accuracies around 90% for the most-diffused floating microplastics in the marine environment (polyethylene and polypropylene).
“…The 218 spectra were classified using the Graph Clustering method, which was introduced by the Pisa group in 2016 for the classification of samples based on their Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy spectra [49,50] and then also successfully applied to the classification of samples from their X-Ray Fluorescence spectra [51]. The graph is represented by an adjacency matrix whose (i, j) elements are given by the correlation between the i and j spectra:…”
The detection and classification of microplastics in the marine environment is a complex task that implies the use of delicate and expensive instrumentation. In this paper, we present a preliminary feasibility study for the development of a low-cost, compact microplastics sensor that could be mounted, in principle, on a float of drifters, for the monitoring of large marine surfaces. The preliminary results of the study indicate that a simple sensor equipped with three infrared-sensitive photodiodes can reach classification accuracies around 90% for the most-diffused floating microplastics in the marine environment (polyethylene and polypropylene).
“…Main Elements It can be observed that half of the samples (9 over 18) are made by a Cu-Sn-Pb alloy. To verify if these samples can be really considered as a single group, we applied the graph clustering (GC) method, firstly introduced by the Pisa Laboratory for the unsupervised classification of materials by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) [13] and later also used for the classification of archaeological objects based on their XRF spectra [14]. The classification is performed based on the distance d 12 between the spectra, which is considered as inversely proportional to their correlation…”
Several samples coming from the recently discovered (February 2019) Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age Chovdar necropolis in Azerbaijan were analysed using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique. The analysis allowed a preliminary classification of the samples in eight groups based on their composition, obtained from the XRF spectra using the fundamental parameter method. A more detailed classification was then obtained using the graph clustering method.
“…A study presented by Odelli et al used portable XRF followed by data analysis using an assortment of chemometric methods to classify the provenance of 73 transport amphorae . 383 These authors used PCA, cluster analysis and a method called graph clustering for the classification. The analysis took place on a fresh cut surface.…”
This review covers advances in the analysis of advanced materials, metals, fuels and lubricants, nanostructures, ceramics, refractories, organic and inorganic chemicals, catalysts and nuclear materials by a range of techniques including X-ray, ICP, LIBS, mass spectrometry, synchrotron-based techniques, plus non-destructive and ablation surface techniques.
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