Grapevine Viruses' Detection and Sanitary Selection in Grapevine Germplasm of Calabria (Southern Italy)

Abstract

A survey of grapevine viruses present in the region of Calabria (southern Italy) was carried out, and the sanitary selection was conducted on various indigenous varieties. Serological (ELISA) and molecular (multiplex RT‐PCR) tests were used to detect the viruses included in the Italian certification programme: Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), Grapevine leafroll associated virus 1 (GLRaV‐1), Grapevine leafroll associated virus 2 (GLRaV‐2), Grapevine leafroll associated virus 3 (GLRaV‐3), Grapevine virus A (GVA), Grapevine virus B (GVB) and Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV). The frequency with which the above viruses have been detected was 37.4, 32.6, 12.8, 7.7, 7.3, 1.9 and 0.3%, respectively, for GVA, GLRaV‐3, GFLV, GFKV, GLRaV‐1, GLRaV‐2 and GVB. ArMV was never found. The sanitary selection allowed for the detection of 6 putative clones of ‘Arvino’, 2 of ‘Magliocco dolce’ and 2 of the rootstock ‘17–37’ free of the above‐mentioned viruses. The necessary process for the commercialization of these clones as ‘certified’ propagation material was accomplished, and their official approval by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture is currently in progress.

Virome of Grapevine Germplasm from the Anapa Ampelographic Collection (Russia)

“…It causes fleck, which is a ubiquitous disease reported in most of the world's winemaking countries [97]. The presence of GFkV has been reported in the germplasm collections of Italy [64,82], Czech Republic [26], Spain [59], Brazil [61], France [62], and Croatia [60,98]. In Russia, we have previously found GFkV on the territory of the main grape-growing zones [34,35].…”

“…In Russia, GVA was previously found in the vineyards of the Krasnodar Krai, Stavropol Krai, and the Republic of Crimea [30,34,35]. There is evidence of its presence in the grapevine germplasm in the USA [81], Spain [59], Croatia [60], Brazil [61], France [62], as well as Italy [64,82].…”

“…GVB is not a widespread virus, but its ability to affect graft incompatibility makes it a harmful organism, the absence of which must be confirmed in planting material [20,89]. GVB has previously been found in the grapevine germplasm in Italy [82], the USA [81], Brazil [61], Croatia [60] and in the Portuguese National Ampelographic Collection [90].…”

“…Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is one of the major economically important diseases affecting the grapevine; it is found in all viticultural regions of the world [20,123]. Infection with GLD-associated Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs) has been found in various grapevine germplasm collections in Brazil [61], Spain [59,107], Croatia [60,98], the USA [81,114], Italy [64,82], Georgia [124], France [62], Czech Republic [26], Algeria [125], and China [126]. In Russia, GLRaV-1, -2, -3 and -4 have previously been detected in the main grape growing areas by various molecular methods [31][32][33][34][35].…”

Occurrence of Nine Grapevine Viruses in Commercial Vineyards of Mendoza, Argentina

“…GVB, associated with the rugose wood complex, was not identified among the analyzed samples. Recent surveys conducted in the USA, Canada, Poland, Italy, and Pakistan reported low incidences of this virus (under 5%) in a high viral prevalence context [ 6 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. A previous Chilean survey also reported very low GVB incidence (below 1%) [ 5 ].…”