Grapevine rootstocks affect growth‐related scion phenotypes

Migicovsky, Zoë; Cousins, Peter; Jordan, Lindsay M.; Myles, Sean; Striegler, R. Keith; Verdegaal, Paul; Chitwood, Daniel H.

doi:10.1002/pld3.324

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Despite the marked effect of the environment, a significant effect of rootstock was found for all traits related to water stress, vigor, photosynthetic activity, and the affinity for most nutrients. Using different genotypes, a significant effect of rootstock on these traits was reported in the literature [2,15].…”

Section: Plasticity Of Traits In Response To the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent study, 15 rootstocks were studied for 5 years in terms of growth and grape production, in grafting combination with two scion varieties (Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon). The effect of rootstock genotype and its interactions on grape yield has been assessed to be 13.29%, while the contribution to sugar content has been evaluated at 14.80% [2]. The effect of rootstocks on the yield and quality of grapes can be explained by the different uptake of water and nutrients from the soil and the vigor induced to the scion [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vigor of the shoot is induced by rootstocks, causing an effect on the vegetativeproductive balance [2,10]. In fact, rootstock genotype affects the assimilation of carbon from the air and the uptake of macronutrients from the soil, such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P)-directly related to the development of biomass [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Use Efficiency and Nutritional Status of a New Grapevine Rootstock Selection

Bianchi

Brancadoro

2021

Horticulturae

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The production and quality of grapes are determined by the hydric and nutritional status of the vine. In modern viticulture, the interface between grapevine and soil is represented by the rootstock, which modulates the uptake of water and nutrients. Thus, selection of new rootstocks for abiotic stress tolerance represents an adaptation strategy for viticulture to the new environmental conditions imposed by climate change. The aim of this work is to evaluate the water-use efficiency (WUE) and the nutritional status of a selection of 30 new rootstock genotypes, originating from several breeding programs. WUE and gas exchange were measured for each genotype in two environments characterized by different water availability, and the levels of N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, Mn, and Zn in the leaf blades were determined during the phenological stages of flowering and ripening. Water availability was different in the two environments, affecting gas exchange, with mean values of carbon assimilation of 10.43 ± 0.32 and 3.84 ± 0.34 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1, respectively. Genotypes were classified according to their water stress tolerance, vigor, and affinity for macronutrients and micronutrients. A total of 14 genotypes showed tolerance to water stress, and 10 of them reported high vigor and carbon assimilation. Furthermore, the majority of water-stress-tolerant genotypes had greater affinity for Mg than for K. In further studies, the most promising rootstocks will be evaluated in grafting combination with Vitis vinifera.

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Section: Plasticity Of Traits In Response To the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water Use Efficiency and Nutritional Status of a New Grapevine Rootstock Selection

Bianchi

Brancadoro

2021

Horticulturae

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“…However, in some cases, a Ravaz index may be too high, indicating that the vine is overcropped and often resulting in reduced fruit quality and reduced vine size [ 4 ]. Grapevine rootstocks modulate yield and vigor, both components of Ravaz index [ 14 , 31 , 41 , 44 ]. Water and nutrient uptake are two of the principal means by which rootstocks affect reproductive and vegetative growth, consequently also influencing berry composition [ 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray imaging of 30 year old wine grape wood reveals cumulative impacts of rootstocks on scion secondary growth and Ravaz index

Migicovsky

Quigley

Mullins

et al. 2022

Horticulture Research

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Summary Annual rings from 30 year old vines in a California rootstock trial were measured to determine the effects of 15 different rootstocks on Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon scions. Viticultural traits measuring vegetative growth, yield, berry quality, and nutrient uptake were collected at the beginning (1995 to 1999) and end (2017 to 2020) of the lifetime of a vineyard initially planted in 1991 and removed in 2021. X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) was used to measure ring widths in 103 vines. Ring width was modeled as a function of ring number using a negative exponential model. Early and late wood ring widths, cambium width, and scion trunk radius were correlated with 27 traits. Modeling of annual ring width shows that scions alter the width of the first rings but that rootstocks alter the decay of later rings, consistently shortening ring width throughout the lifetime of the vine. Ravaz index, juice pH, photosynthetic assimilation and transpiration rates, and instantaneous water use efficiency are correlated with scion trunk radius. Ultimately, our research indicates that rootstocks modulate secondary growth over years, altering physiology and agronomic traits. Rootstocks act in similar but distinct ways from climate to modulate ring width, which borrowing techniques from dendrochronology, can be used to monitor both genetic and environmental effects in woody perennial crop species.

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“…Here we employ landscape genomic data to assess potential responses to climate change for five Vitis CWRs. We focus on Vitis because its CWRs are agronomically crucial; ~80% of viticulture worldwide utilizes rootstocks from North American Vitis species (Migicovsky et al, 2021). Among ~25 North American Vitis species (Wan et al, 2013), those from the American Southwest are of particular interest, because some are resistant to Xylella fastidiosa, the causative agent of Pierce's disease (PD), some harbor resistance to diseases like powdery and downy mildew, and others grow under abiotic stresses like extreme temperature that may 'preadapt' them to some aspects of climate change (Heinitz, Uretsky, Peterson, Acosta, & Walker, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the persistence and utility of five wildVitisspecies in the context of climate change

Aguirre‐Liguori

Morales‐Cruz

Gaut

2021

Preprint

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Crop wild relatives (CWRs) have the capacity to contribute novel traits to agriculture. Given climate change, these contributions may be especially vital for perennial crops, because perennials are often clonally propagated and consequently do not evolve rapidly. By studying the landscape genomics of five Vitis CWRs (V. arizonica, V. mustangensis, V. riparia, V. berlandieri and V. girdiana) in the context of projected climate change, we addressed two goals. The first was assessing the relative potential of different CWRs to persist in the context of climate change. By integrating species distribution models with adaptive genetic variation, additional genetic features such as genomic load, and a phenotype (resistance to Pierce Disease), we predicted that accessions of V. mustangensis are particularly well-suited to persist. The second goal was identifying candidate CWRs to contribute to bioclimatic adaptation for grapevine (V. vinifera) cultivation. To do so, we first estimated that ~40% of current viticulture sites in the United States will be vulnerable to climate change, based on species distribution models projected to 2070. We then predicted which CWRs have the genomic profile to contribute to bioclimatic adaptation at these vulnerable sites. We identified rootstock candidates from V. mustangensis, V. riparia and V. girdiana and hypothesized that they may prove useful for mitigating climate impacts on viticulture. By identifying candidate germplasm, this work takes a conceptual step toward mitigating the climate impacts on crops by utilizing the genomic and bioclimatic characteristics of CWRs.

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Grapevine rootstocks affect growth‐related scion phenotypes

Cited by 23 publications

References 39 publications

Water Use Efficiency and Nutritional Status of a New Grapevine Rootstock Selection

Water Use Efficiency and Nutritional Status of a New Grapevine Rootstock Selection

X-ray imaging of 30 year old wine grape wood reveals cumulative impacts of rootstocks on scion secondary growth and Ravaz index

Evaluating the persistence and utility of five wildVitisspecies in the context of climate change

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