Grapevine Grafting: Scion Transcript Profiling and Defense-Related Metabolites Induced by Rootstocks

Chitarra, Walter; Perrone, Irene; Avanzato, C.; Minio, Andrea; Santini, Deborah; Gilardi, G.; Siciliano, Ilenia; Gullino, M. L.; Delledonne, Massimo; Mannini, F.; Gambino, Giorgio

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00654

Cited by 75 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The relative quantification was calculated using the 2 ‐ΔΔCt method (Livak & Schmittgen, ); three technical replicates were run for each biological replicate, and the expression of transcripts was quantified after normalization to the expression of the housekeeping gene AoβTub . The results were calculated as an expression ratio (relative quantity, RQ) to MUT2036 at 48 h, as previously described (Chitarra et al ., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mycoviruses mediate mycotoxin regulation in Aspergillus ochraceus

Nerva

Chitarra

Siciliano

et al. 2018

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary To date, no demonstration of a direct correlation between the presence of mycoviruses and the quantitative or qualitative modulation of mycotoxins has been shown. In our study, we transfected a virus‐free ochratoxin A (OTA)‐producing isolate of Aspergillus ochraceus with purified mycoviruses from a different A. ochraceus isolate and from Penicillium aurantiogriseum. Among the mycoviruses tested, only Aspergillus ochraceus virus (AoV), a partitivirus widespread in A. ochraceus, caused a specific interaction that led to an overproduction of OTA, which is regulated by the European Commission and is the second most important contaminant of food and feed commodities. Gene expression analysis failed to reveal a specific viral upregulation of the mRNA of genes considered to play a role in the OTA biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, AoOTApks1, a polyketide synthase gene considered essential for OTA production, is surprisingly absent in the genome of our OTA‐producing isolate. The possible biological and evolutionary implications of the mycoviral regulation of mycotoxin production are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mycoviruses mediate mycotoxin regulation in Aspergillus ochraceus

Nerva

Chitarra

Siciliano

et al. 2018

Environmental Microbiology

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“…For example, the ability of a particular rootstock to protect the scion from iron deficiency was associated with an increase in root biomass along with a reduction of scion growth, but the molecular basis of this relationship is yet to be elucidated(Covarrubias et al 2016). Improved understanding of rootstock-scion interaction can enhance rootstock breeding for changing climates 15 and evolving pest and pathogen pressures 13,16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rootstock effects on scion phenotypes in a ‘Chambourcin’ experimental vineyard

Migicovsky

Harris

Klein

et al. 2018

Preprint

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30Understanding how root systems modulate shoot system phenotypes is a fundamental question in 31 plant biology and will be useful in developing resilient agricultural crops. Grafting is a common 32 horticultural practice that joins the roots (rootstock) of one plant to the shoot (scion) of another, 33 providing an excellent method for investigating how these two organ systems affect each other. 34 65 66Grapevine (Vitis L. spp.) is an excellent model for examining rootstock-scion interactions due to 67 the ease of cloning, available genomic resources, ability to grow across diverse environments, 68 3 and high economic value. Widespread grafting of grapevine began in the late 19 th century after 69 the European wine industry was devastated by the spread of phylloxera (Daktulosphaira 70 vitifoliae Fitch), an aphid-like insect introduced from North America. While many North 71 American Vitis species can withstand phylloxera infestations, roots of the European wine grape 72 Vitis vinifera L. cannot tolerate phylloxera attacks, which lead to a rapid decline in vigour and 73 often death 3 . However, V. vinifera vines with susceptible roots can be grafted to phylloxera-74 tolerant North American Vitis rootstocks, thus circumventing phylloxera sensitivity. Worldwide 75 more than 80% of all vineyards grow vines grafted onto rootstocks composed of American Vitis 76 species or hybrids 3 . 78Although initial grapevine grafting was driven by the need for phylloxera tolerance, additional 79 benefits exist. For example, certain Vitis rootstocks provide resistance to additional pests and 80 pathogens such as nematodes 4 . Rootstocks can also be used to increase tolerance to abiotic 81 stresses including drought 5,6 , salinity 7 , and calcareous soils 8 . Lastly, grafting can modify mineral 82 nutrition 9 , scion vigor 10 , rate of ripening 11 , and fruit phenolic compounds 12 . Thus, grafting is a 83 valuable tool for improving grapevine fruit quality and response to stress. 85Grapevine producers rely on experimental trials to identify elite rootstocks that will best fit their 86 specific growing conditions. Most commonly used grapevine rootstocks are hybrid derivatives of 87 two or three phylloxera-tolerant native North American species, Vitis riparia and Vitis rupestris, 88 which root easily from dormant cuttings, and Vitis cinerea var. helleri (Vitis berlandieri), which 89 is adapted to chalky soils 13 . Interestingly, despite the global diversity of soils, climates and grape 90 varieties, only a handful of rootstock cultivars derived from these three species are in widespread 91 use 3 . 93The result of over a century of grafting grapevines is a wealth of information characterizing 94 graft-transmissible traits. In some cases, the biological mechanisms underlying beneficial effects 95 are now understood. For example, salt (NaCl) tolerant rootstocks can exclude sodium (Na + ) from 96 the shoot, due to VisHKT1;1, a gene which can could serve as a valuable genetic marker for 97 rootstock breeding 14 . However, for many oth...

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“…Establishment of controlled vineyards raised from certified plant material with ample material to allow random sampling is time-consuming and causes high costs. The PN clones in this study needed to be grown in homogeneous plots and grafted on the same rootstock cultivar to avoid transcriptomic shifts in the scion and significant influence on yield and vigor by the rootstock (Chitarra et al 2017). The experimentation here was therefore restricted to clonal material available at the collaborating nurseries and the cultivar repository at the Institute (Geilweilerhof).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Same same but different: Cluster architecture variation in five ‘Pinot Noir’ clonal selection lines correlates with differential expression of three transcription factors and further growth related genes

Richter

Rossmann

Gabriel

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Same same but different: Cluster architecture variation in five 'Pinot Noir' clonal3 selection lines correlates with differential expression of three transcription factors and 4 further growth related genes 5 6 Abstract 2 3Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is an economically important crop that needs to comply with high quality standards 2 4 for fruit, juice and wine production. Intense plant protection is required to avoid losses caused by fungal 2 5infections. Grapevine cultivars with loose cluster architecture enable to reduce protective chemical treatments 2 6 due to their enhanced resilience against fungal infections such as Botrytis cinerea induced grey mold. A recent 2 7 study identified transcription factor gene VvGRF4 as determinant of inflorescence structure in exemplary 2 8 samples of loose and compact quasi-isogenic 'Pinot Noir' clones. Here, we extended the analysis to 12 2 9 differently clustered 'Pinot Noir' clones originating from five different clonal selection programs. Differential 3 0 gene expression of these clones was studied in three different locations over three seasons in demonstrative 3 1 vineyards. Two phenotypically contrasting clones were grown at all three locations and served for 3 2 standardization of downstream analyses. Differential gene expression data were correlated to the phenotypic 3 3 variation of cluster architecture sub-traits. A consistent differential gene expression of VvGRF4 in relation to 3 4 loose clusters was verified over the different environments and in the extended set of 'Pinot Noir' clones. In 3 5 addition, 14 more genes with consistent expression differences between loosely and compactly clustered clones 3 6 independent from season and location were identified. These genes show annotations related to cellular growth, 3 7 cell wall extension, cell division and auxin metabolism. They include two more transcription factor genes.3 8 3 9

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Grapevine Grafting: Scion Transcript Profiling and Defense-Related Metabolites Induced by Rootstocks

Cited by 75 publications

References 68 publications

Mycoviruses mediate mycotoxin regulation in Aspergillus ochraceus

Mycoviruses mediate mycotoxin regulation in Aspergillus ochraceus

Rootstock effects on scion phenotypes in a ‘Chambourcin’ experimental vineyard

Same same but different: Cluster architecture variation in five ‘Pinot Noir’ clonal selection lines correlates with differential expression of three transcription factors and further growth related genes

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