Grape Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) Biology and Management on Grapes

Abstract

Grape scale, Diaspidiotus uvae (Comstock), is a pest of grapes, Vitus spp., in the south-central United States. This study compared Julian days and cumulative degree-days (DD at base 10°C accumulated after 1 April) to grape scale biology and control in Arkansas. On the average, first generation crawlers began emerging 14 May (274 DD) and peaked on 20 May (356 DD). First generation winged males began emerging on 26 June (794 DD) and peaked 13 July (1,108 DD). Second generation crawlers began emerging on 20 July (1,166 DD) and peaked on 12 August (1,549 DD). Second generation wingless males began emerging on 31 August (1,857 DD) and peaked on 18 September (2,026 DD). Relative to untreated vines, vines treated with chlorpyrifos at bud swell (early April) or as late as early May (near grape bloom) realized at least an eight-fold reduction in the number of crawlers and adult males per sticky tape trap. Vines receiving the second application near grape bloom had significantly fewer crawlers in May, August and September than vines sprayed once in late April. A chlorpyrifos treatment in early April provided at least a 30-d lethal residual on grape against grape scale crawlers that emerged during May.

Biology of the Armored ScaleRhizaspidiotus donacis(Hemiptera: Diaspididae), a Candidate Agent for Biological Control of Giant Reed

“…The female-based generation time of R. donacis of Ϸ170 d (and female life span of Ϸ200 d) are long relative to white peach scale (Ball 1980, Erkiliç andUygun 1997) reared on potato tubers at 20 Ð30ЊC or on three hosts under controlled conditions (37Ð57 d), and compared with armored scales on Þeld hosts under summer conditions, such as grape scale Diaspidiotus uvae (Comstock) on Vitis spp. (Johnson et al 1999); Putnam scale Diaspidiotus ancylus (Putnam) on blueberries, Vaccinium corymbosum L. (Polavarapu et al 2000); and California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), on navel orange, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Carroll and Luck 1984) (all Ϸ2 mo). However, the generation time for R. donacis is similar to that of overwintering generations of these scales (Ͼ100 d), as well as to that of Aonidia lauri (Bouché ) reared on bay laurel, Laurus nobilis (L.) at 15Ð20ЊC (145 d) (Malumphy 1997).…”

Armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Diaspididae) on ornamental plants in Adana, Turkey

“…The species is regarded as a plant pest in vineyards in the USA. (Hollinger, 1923;Johnson et al, 1999;Miller & Davidson, 2005;Zimmer, 1912). Further studies are needed to understand its distribution and host-plant diversity in Turkey and other Mediterranean countries.…”