Granzyme-Producing CD4 T Cells in Cancer and Autoimmune Disease

Abstract

CD4 T cells play important roles in promoting protective immunity and autoimmune disease. A great deal of attention has been given to the differentiation and function of subsets of cytokine-producing CD4 T cells (i.e., Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells) in these settings. However, others have also observed the accumulation of granzyme-producing CD4 T cells in tumors and in autoimmune patients that are distinct from their cytokine-producing counterparts. Despite the relatively large numbers of granzyme-producing cells in diseased tissues, their roles in driving disease have remained enigmatic. This review will focus on the phenotype(s) and roles of granzymeproducing CD4 T cells in cancer and autoimmunity. We will also examine how granzyme-producing cells interact with current therapeutics and speculate how they may be targeted during disease. ImmunoHorizons, 2021, 5: 909-917.

Chemokine positioning determines mutually exclusive roles for their receptors in extravasation of pathogenic human T cells

“…Co-localization of expression in the UMAP-generated display for IFNG with the chemokines CCL3, 4 , and 5 , which encode ligands for CCR5 (all) and CCR1 (CCL3 and 5), is consistent with the established co-expression of these chemokines with IFN-γ 67, 68, 69 . The expression of PRF1 , encoding perforin, and/or genes encoding granzymes have been reported in Th cells, including Th17 cells 70, 71 , that are implicated in autoimmunity 72, 73 and host defense 71 , and that co-express EOMES 72, 74 and IFN-γ 73 . Taken together, our data suggest that the CCR6 high CCR2 - cells most resemble conventional type 17 cells, whereas the CCR6 + CCR2 + Th subset is enriched in type 17 cells with pathogenic capabilities.…”

Effects of storage duration of suspended red blood cells before intraoperative infusion on coagulation indexes, routine blood examination and immune function in patients with gastrointestinal tumors

“…It can assemble with the non-polypeptide region of MHC Class-II molecules, participate in the process of antigen recognition, direct the body against pathogenic microorganisms, and help fight infections. 21 The surface antigens of lymphocytes are produced during cell differentiation. The specific antigens on the surface of a cell membrane can be detected by specific monoclonal antibodies.…”

High expression of the ANXA3 gene promotes immune infiltration and improves tumor prognosis in ovarian serous carcinoma using bioinformatics analyses

“…Th1, Th9, and TFH cells stimulate the antitumor immune response, while Th2 and Treg cells routinely induce immunosuppressive protumorigenic responses. Th17 cells also contribute to the delicate balance between Th1 and Th2 anti- versus pro-tumorigenic networks and play a dual role in impairing immune functions by targeting granzyme B production, a dominant marker for cytolytic CD4 + activity ( 41 ). Currently, the exact proportion and change in TFH and Th17 cell expression involved in lymphatic infiltration in ovarian tumor tissues, nontumor tissues, and invaded lymph nodes is unclear.…”