Granzyme B-expressing γδ-T and NK cells as a predictor of clinical pregnancy failure in patients with unexplained repeated implantation failure

Roles of γδT cells in pregnancy and pregnancy‐related complications

“…48 This indicates that the percentage of peripheral GrB + γδT cells in lymphocytes could serve as a potential predictive indicator of clinical pregnancy failure in patients with RIF. 48 Therefore, the immunosuppressive function of peripheral γδT cells reduced and their cytotoxic property was enhanced in RPL or RIF.…”

“…45 Moreover, peripheral and decidual γδT cells both secrete GrB to induce cytotoxicity during pregnancy. 47,48 The cytotoxic mechanisms play critical roles in the clearance of viral and bacterial infections and in the homeostatic regulation of immune responses in early pregnancy. 49 In addition, in peri-implantation period, dγδT cells could express low levels of TNFα and IFNγ, 38 two common pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may exhibit anti-infection activity against foreign antigens in pregnancy.…”

“…In early pregnancy, dγδT cells can secrete several cytolytic molecules, including Pf, granzyme A (GrA), granzyme B (GrB), granulysin, and FasL, which mediate the cytotoxicity of γδT cells. 16,[45][46][47][48] Mincheva-Nilsson et al 46 have detected the mRNA expression of Pf, GrA, GrB, granulysin, and FasL in dγδT cells. Among them, Pf and FasL were not observed on the cell surface.…”

“…TGF‐β and IL‐10 are anti‐inflammatory cytokines, whereas IFN‐γ and IL‐17 are pro‐inflammatory cytokines 80 . A study reported that the percentage of peripheral GrB + γδT cells in lymphocytes was significantly higher in RIF patients with implantation failure or clinical pregnancy failure than in RIF patients with corresponding successful pregnancy outcomes 48 . This indicates that the percentage of peripheral GrB + γδT cells in lymphocytes could serve as a potential predictive indicator of clinical pregnancy failure in patients with RIF 48 .…”

“…A study reported that the percentage of peripheral GrB + γδT cells in lymphocytes was significantly higher in RIF patients with implantation failure or clinical pregnancy failure than in RIF patients with corresponding successful pregnancy outcomes 48 . This indicates that the percentage of peripheral GrB + γδT cells in lymphocytes could serve as a potential predictive indicator of clinical pregnancy failure in patients with RIF 48 . Therefore, the immunosuppressive function of peripheral γδT cells reduced and their cytotoxic property was enhanced in RPL or RIF.…”