Granulomatous nephritis in psittacines associated with parasitism by the trematode Paratanaisia spp.

Parasitism by Paratanaisia bragai (Digenea, Eucotylidae) in commom waxbill (Estrilda astrild)

“…Moreover, because of the history of this animal, which was kept in captivity and under veterinary care from a few days after hatching, it would be unlikely the natural infection by P. bragai. However, Luppi et al (2007) reported an accidental infection in parrots bred in captivity since its outbreak, which is in accordance with the present report. Thus, under this perspective, the authors suggest that this animal was probably infected shortly after hatching, by eating infected mollusk fragments regurgitated or brought into the nest by their parents.…”

“…Some species of birds have been identified as definitive hosts of this parasite including: (1) pigeon (Columba livia); (2) domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus); (3) ruddy ground-dove (Columbina talpacoti); (4) red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens); (5) guinea fowls (Numida meleagris); (6) turkey (Meleagris gallopavo); double-toothed barbets (Lybius bidentatus); (7) ring necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus); (8) blue and gold macaw (Ara ararauna); (9) blue-winged macaw (Propyrrhura maracana); and (10) white-eared parakeet (Pyrrhura leucotis) (Menezes et al, 2001;Pinto et al, 2004;Brener et al, 2005;Gomes et al, 2005;Rotstein et al, 2005;Luppi et al, 2007).…”

First record of Paratanaisia bragai (Digenea: Eucotylidae) in blue and gold macaw (Ara ararauna)

“…Parasitism due to Paratanaisia sp. has been reported in the following birds; pheasant, Phasianus colchicus (GOMES et al, 2005); partridge, Rhynchotus rufescens (MAPELI et al, 2003); turkey, Meleagris gallopavo (BRENER et al, 2006); cattle egret, Heron Bubulcus ibis (ABDO & SULTAN, 2013); common waxbill, Estrilda astrild (TAVELA et al, 2014); blue-winged macaw, Propyrrhura maracana; parakeet, Pyrrhura leucotis (LUPPI et al, 2007); guinea-fowl, Numida meleagris (MENEZES et al, 2001); spot-winged wood quail (uru), Odontophorus capueira; common toucan, Rhamphastos toco; tataupa tinamou, Crypturellus tataupa (TRAVASSOS et al, 1969); domestic hen, Gallus gallus domesticus (COSTA et al, 1975); red bird-of-paradise, Paradisaea rubra (UNWIN et al, 2013); and, especially, in Columbiformes: Columbina talpacoti, Columbia livia, Columba mayeri, Zenaida graysoni, Stigmatopelia senegalensis, Chalcophaps indica and Gallicolumba crinigera (BUNBURY et al, 2008;UNWIN et al, 2013). …”

Parasitic Helminths Obtained from Okinawa Rails Gallirallus okinawae

“…Tanaisia zarudnyi has been reported from the Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius and Grey Bunting Emberiza variabilis in Japan (Uchida et al 1991). The pathogenicity of this genus is not well known, but the closely related genus Paratanaisia often causes granulomatous nephritis (Luppi et al 2007). The genus Glaphyrostomum has been reported from mammals and birds from China, Taiwan, the Philippines and Japan.…”

“…occurred more frequently in male birds. Trematodes belonging to the genus Tanaisia require terrestrial snails as an intermediate host (Luppi et al 2007). Hiraoka et al (2007) and Ozaki (2008) reported bradybaenid snails, such as Bradybaena circulus, from the stomach of Okinawa Rails.…”