Granulomatous Encephalomyelitis of Puppies Due To

Kv, Mason; Cw, Prescott; Wr, Kelly; Ah, Waddell

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1976.tb00124.x

Cited by 36 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Local surveys in the state of Queensland (Yong et al 1981) showed that A. cantonensis occurred in populations of feral rats in pockets along the Brisbane River, which runs through the capital city of Brisbane. In addition, retrospective case studies in dogs provide evidence that A. cantonensis is widespread in metropolitan areas of Brisbane and Sydney (Mason et al 1976, Lunn et al 2012). According to Yong and colleagues (1981), virtually all terrestrial molluscs in that region could be infected experimentally.…”

Section: Angiostrongylus Species In Australiamentioning

confidence: 95%

“…First discovered in 1935 in China, A. cantonensis has been reported to be the most common species causing eosinophilic meningitis around the globe (Qvarnstrom et al 2010). Accidental infection in humans may cause severe headache, nuchal rigidity, and paralysis of cranial nerves (Graeff-Teixeira et al 2009), whereas lumbar hyperesthesia and hind limb paresis are predominant signs observed in dogs (Mason et al 1976). Eosinophilic meningitis is not the only clinical manifestation of A. cantonensis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Emergence of Neural Angiostrongyliasis in Eastern Australia

Aghazadeh

Jones

Aland

et al. 2015

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Section: Angiostrongylus Species In Australiamentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Emergence of Neural Angiostrongyliasis in Eastern Australia

Aghazadeh

Jones

Aland

et al. 2015

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…Mason et al (1976) found that degenerate A. cantonensis larvae in dogs' spinal cords were found within granulomas, whereas healthy-looking larvae occurred in normal tissue, without surrounding inflammation. Such considerations may explain many of the histological findings in bats' livers, in which delays between death and tissue fixation seemed to be associated with greater separations of larvae from inflammatory lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxocara pteropodis Baylis, 1936 : life-cycle, epizootiology and zoonotic potential

Prociv¹

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The aim of this study was to establish whether a human epidemic of hepato-enteritis, the "Palm Island mystery disease", could have been a manifestation of nematode visceral larva migrans caused by the flying fox parasite, Toxocara pteropodis. An assessment of the risk of human exposure to such an infection, and of its pathogenicity, required collection of data from field and laboratory studies.The life-cycle was elucidated in Pteropus poliocephalus, the predominant flying fox in the Brisbane region. Adult worms develop in the intestines of suckling juveniles, and infections may become patent in bats as young as 35 days. About 50% of juveniles develop patent infections, and each harbours an average of 1 adult male worm and 2 adult females. These worms are voided spontaneously before the bats leave their summer camps.Each female worm produces about 25,000 eggs per day, most of which are shed into the environment of the summer camp. Eggs become infective from 10 days after voiding; few remain viable longer than 6 weeks. As very little fruit remote from the camps was found contaminated with eggs, adult bats probably become infected in the camps by licking foliage and grooming during wet weather. Eggs ingested by bats hatch in the intestine and the released third-stage larvae penetrate the mucosa to reach the liver via the portal vein. These larvae may remain indefinitely in the liver, where they grow over 3 months from a length of about 420 jim to about 600 pm. In male bats, hepatic larvae gradually accumulate, but in females many leave the livers at the time of parturition and pass through the mammary glands to reach the juvenile intestines in the first 3 weeks after birth. Many developing intestinal larvae, predominantly males, are expelled spontaneously in the faeces of suckling bats. This explains the low average worm burdens in patent infections and their unequal sex representation.Virtually all adult male P_^ poliocephalus harbour larvae in their livers; in adult females the prevalence and intensity of hepatic infection 11 is lower. In the P. alecto and P_^ conspicillatus populations of northern Queensland, the prevalence pattern of T_^ pteropodis appears to be similar whereas in southern P_^ alecto, and in P_^ scapulatus, infection is much less common. T. pteropodis was also found in Pteropus specimens from New Guinea, Indonesia and India. Nematodes from Rousettus sp. from the Philippines, and poorly-preserved type specimens of Toxocara cynonycteridis, from a Rousettus sp. in Burma, were very similar to, if not identical with, T. pteropodis.On detailed examination, T_^ pteropodis had some features distinct from those of other members of the genus. The relatively thick egg-shell may protect against desiccation. The second moult occurs in the egg. Thirdstage larvae grow in the livers of definitive (and some abnormal) hosts.Adult worms have cephalic surface features which may be unique, and do not possess a cervical alar "supporting bar" typical of the genus.Experimental mammals other than bats exhibit v...

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“…To date, A. cantonensis is the only species of Angiostrongylus known to cause eosinophilic meningitis in humans and other non-permissive hosts in several parts of the world 2,70,152,153 , although patent infection with A. mackerrasae in a flying fox (Pteropus alecto) has been observed 50 . In the more severe cases of infection, A. cantonensis is reported to cause eosinophilic meningo-encephalomyelitis throughout the brain and spinal cord of accidental hosts 3,43,87 and fatal encephalitis in human 10 . Although rare, pneumonia caused by the presence of A. cantonensis adult worm has also been reported in humans 120 .…”

Section: 1introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First discovered in 1935 from China, A. cantonensis has been reported to be the most common species causing eosinophilic meningitis around the globe 1 . Accidental infection in humans may cause severe headache, nuchal rigidity and paralysis of cranial nerves 2 , while lumbar hyperesthesia and hind limb paresis are predominant signs observed in dogs 3 . Eosinophilic meningitis is not the only clinical manifestation of A. cantonensis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and pathological studies on Angiostrongylus species in southeast Queensland

Aghazadeh¹

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Despite an apparent increase in cases of angiostrongyliasis in humans and animals in Australia, the epidemiology of infection with the two species of Angiostrongylus that co-exist in this country, namely A. cantonensis and A. mackerrasae, is poorly understood. This knowledge gap is particularly important with respect to Angiostrongylus mackerrasae, a species evidently native to Australia, as its ability to cause disease in humans is unknown.Likewise, there is little information on the roles of native and introduced species of rodents and molluscs as hosts of Angiostrongylus species in Australia. This thesis focuses on the gaps in the knowledge about the epidemiology of two species in southeast Queensland, highlighting the hotspots for transmission of the parasite in urban Brisbane. A comprehensive survey of rats belonging to the species Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus and Rattus fuscipes was conducted. The prevalence of infection with Angiostrongylus spp. was 16.5% in Rattus spp. trapped in urban Brisbane and surrounds which is much higher than estimates of earlier studies. This highlights the possible risk of zoonotic infection in children, dogs and wildlife in this region and indicates the necessity for public awareness as well as more detailed epidemiological studies on this parasite in eastern Australia.Of the two Australian species, Angiostrongylus mackerrasae appears to be adapted to life in the native bush rat, Rattus fuscipes. This species evidently has an identical life cycle to that of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. A. mackerrasae may have greater potential to infect non-rodent hosts as it has been found as adult form in the lungs, as has been recorded for an individual flying fox.This raises concerns as to the potential of this native angiostrongylid to infect domestic animals and humans. To date, data on the taxonomy, epidemiology and population genetics of A. mackerrasae are poor or unknown. Here, we describe the mitochondrial (mt) genome of A. mackerrasae with the aim of addressing some of these knowledge gaps.The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of A. mackerrasae was amplified from a single morphologically identified adult worm, by long-PCR in two overlapping amplicons (8 kb and 10 kb). The amplicons were sequenced using the MiSeq Illumina platform and annotated using an in-house pipeline. Amino acid sequences inferred from individual protein coding genes of the mt genomes were concatenated and then subjected to phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inference.The mt genome of A. mackerrasae is 13,640 bp in size and contains 12 protein coding genes (cox1-3, nad1-6, nad4L, atp6 and cob), and two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. The mt genome of A. mackerrasae has similar characteristics to those of other Angiostrongylus species which is explained in detail in chapter 3. Phylogenic comparisons reveal III that A. mackerrasae is closely related to A. cantonensis and the two sibling species may have recently diverged compared with all other species in the genus with a highl...

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Granulomatous Encephalomyelitis of Puppies Due To

Cited by 36 publications

References 4 publications

Emergence of Neural Angiostrongyliasis in Eastern Australia

Emergence of Neural Angiostrongyliasis in Eastern Australia

Toxocara pteropodis Baylis, 1936 : life-cycle, epizootiology and zoonotic potential

Molecular and pathological studies on Angiostrongylus species in southeast Queensland

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