Granuloma annulare with a mycosis fungoides–like distribution and palisaded granulomas of CD68-positive histiocytes

Histological and immunohistochemical study of granuloma annulare and subcutaneous granuloma annulare in children

“…These above findings are in agreement with the notion that GA represents a Th‐1 delayed‐type hypersensitivity reaction in the course of which inflammatory cells elicit matrix degeneration 13 . Generally in GA, particularly on frozen sections, an increased CD4 over CD8 ratio, which is similar to our findings, has been observed 15,17 …”

“…Variable data have been reported regarding the specificity and the diagnostic value of KP‐1, a monoclonal antibody for CD68 antigen expressed primarily as an intracytoplasmic molecule associated with lysosomal granules 14 . In some studies, 5,13,15 the histiocytic cells in the palisading granulomas of GA were strongly positive for CD68 (KP‐1) and even 86% of GA have been shown to be positive 13 . In contrast other investigators, who did not use antigen retrieval, failed to demonstrate any immunopositivity for KP‐1 12 .…”

The granulomatous reaction pattern

“…7.6). 299 Surprisingly, in one series, the histiocytic component of the infiltrate stained only for vimentin and lysozyme and not the other common histiocyte markers (HAM56, CD68 (KP1), Mac-387, and factor XIIIa). 7.7).…”

“…230,236 Others have found the epidermal changes to be more prominent than in rosacea, consisting of parakeratosis, often related to hair follicle ostia, spongiosis, which sometimes involves the hair follicle, and slight acanthosis. 299 It has been reported as a side effect of allopurinol 300 and of amlodipine. Uncommonly, an acute folliculitis is present.…”

Patch Type Granuloma Annulare Imitating Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

“…Her iki tabloda da interstisyel dermal mononükleer infiltrat ve dermal müsin birikimi görülür. Ancak epidermotropizmin olması, CD3 pozitif T hücrelerin varlığı, T hücre infitrasyonunun yüzeyel pleksus çevresinde yoğunlaşması, histiyositlerin azlığı MF lehine bulgulardır (4). GA'da palisadik granülomlar yapan ikinci patern tipiktir, tanısı daha kolaydır.…”