2013
DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0774-6
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Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor: not just another haematopoietic growth factor

Abstract: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is often used to treat leucopenia. Other haematopoietins may increase the number of circulating leucocytes with higher efficiency, but GM-CSF has additional effects that may be far more relevant than its haematopoietic activity. GM-CSF induces differentiation, proliferation and activation of macrophages and dendritic cells which are necessary for the subsequent T helper cell type 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation. GM-CSF haematopoietic and non-hae… Show more

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Cited by 110 publications
(88 citation statements)
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“…GM-CSF is a potent immune stimulator promoting the differentiation of progenitor cells into dendritic cells. It also increases the number and function of white blood cells in patients (39). Tumor cell death caused by virus replication is expected to result in the release of tumor antigens and may elicit an in situ, patient-specific antitumor response which could be enhanced by hGM-CSF expressed by NDV.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…GM-CSF is a potent immune stimulator promoting the differentiation of progenitor cells into dendritic cells. It also increases the number and function of white blood cells in patients (39). Tumor cell death caused by virus replication is expected to result in the release of tumor antigens and may elicit an in situ, patient-specific antitumor response which could be enhanced by hGM-CSF expressed by NDV.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Administration of GM-CSF has been shown to enhance killing of M. tuberculosis in mice (31,32). In addition, the absence of GM-CSF has been reported to increase the severity of M. tuberculosis infection in GM-CSF null animals (29).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…GM-CSF is a cytokine that stimulates stem cells to produce neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages (106). In the immunosuppressive phase of sepsis, patients who were ventilator dependent were treated with recombinant GM-CSF and had fewer ventilator and ICU days (107,108).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%