Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhances human embryo development to the blastocyst stage: a randomized study

Shapiro, B.S.; Richter, K.S.; Daneshmand, S.T.; Quinn, Patrick G.; Behr, Barry

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(03)00108-0

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The RCT by Shapiro et al [6]—available only as abstract—investigated the effect of media supplementation with GM-CSF in terms of embryo progression from 2pn oocyte to blastocyst in ART programs and compared the study group with a control group without using the cytokine. Although there was an increased number of cleavage stage cells per embryo (6.1 versus 5.8, P = 0.047) and a 50% increase in the proportion of embryos that reached the expanded blastocyst stage (1.6 versus 1.1, P = 0.001), pregnancy and implantation rates were the same (47 versus 50% and 32 versus 25%, resp.)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other, implantation and especially clinical pregnancy rates, were not significantly improved in all three of the six studies of the review, where it was taken into account [4, 6, 8]. Of note, in the larger—carrying the best quality of evidence—RCT [8], in terms of randomization and sample size, both implantation and live birth rates were improved by 44 and 28%, respectively; a fact that theoretically leaves little doubt on the value of the addition of the cytokine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Supplementation in Culture Media for Subfertile Women Undergoing Assisted Reproduction Technologies: A Systematic Review

Siristatidis

Vogiatzi

Salamalekis

et al. 2013

International Journal of Endocrinology

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Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine/growth factor produced by epithelial cells that exerts embryotrophic effects during the early stages of embryo development. We performed a systematic review, and six studies that were performed in humans undergoing assisted reproduction technologies (ART) were located. We wanted to evaluate if embryo culture media supplementation with GM-CSF could improve success rates. As the type of studies and the outcome parameters investigated were heterogeneous, we decided not to perform a meta-analysis. Most of them had a trend favoring the supplementation with GM-CSF, when outcomes were measured in terms of increased percentage of good-quality embryos reaching the blastocyst stage, improved hatching initiation and number of cells in the blastocyst, and reduction of cell death. However, no statistically significant differences were found in implantation and pregnancy rates in all apart from one large multicenter trial, which reported favorable outcomes, in terms of implantation and live birth rates. We propose properly conducted and adequately powered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to further validate and extrapolate the current findings with the live birth rate to be the primary outcome measure.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Supplementation in Culture Media for Subfertile Women Undergoing Assisted Reproduction Technologies: A Systematic Review

Siristatidis

Vogiatzi

Salamalekis

et al. 2013

International Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Improved formation of ICM proliferation was further observed in human blastocysts (272). Shapiro et al (273) later show improvements in embryo development from zygote to blastocyst, although with no corresponding changes in pregnancy rates. Subsequent analysis revealed that as per IGF-1, CSF-2 has antiapoptotic effects on human blastocysts (274).…”

Section: Effects Of Cytokine Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Soluble Ligands and Their Receptors in Human Embryo Development and Implantation

et al. 2015

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Extensive evidence suggests that soluble ligands and their receptors mediate human preimplantation embryo development and implantation. Progress in this complex area has been ongoing since the 1980s, with an ever-increasing list of candidates. This article specifically reviews evidence of soluble ligands and their receptors in the human preimplantation stage embryo and female reproductive tract. The focus will be on candidates produced by the human preimplantation embryo and those eliciting developmental responses in vitro, as well as endometrial factors related to implantation and receptivity. Pathways to clinical translation, including innovative diagnostics and other technologies, are also highlighted, drawing from this collective evidence toward facilitating joint improvements in embryo quality and endometrial receptivity. This strategy could not only benefit clinical outcomes in reproductive medicine but also provide broader insights into the peri-implantation period of human development to improve fetal and neonatal health.

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“…Recently, granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) has been launched to be used in the settings of in vitro fertilization (IVF). GM‐CSF improves apposition, adhesion, differentiation, and invasion of the embryo and thereby optimal placental development . Protection from apoptosis and control of the immune response in very early pregnancy improve IVF success.…”

Section: Present and Future Treatment Options For Recurrent Spontaneomentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Pregnancy Failures: An Immunological Paradigm

Matthiesen

Kalkunte

Sharma

2012

American J Rep Immunol

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Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), three or more pregnancy losses prior to 20 weeks, occurs in about 1% of all pregnancies, 50% of RSA cases remain unexplained and unresolved. Recently, immune pathways have been implicated in the pathophysiology of RSA. Immune tolerance of the fetal–placental unit and placental angiogenesis are mandatory for a successful pregnancy outcome. Unscheduled dysregulation of the placental vasculature is thought to be the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying an array of pregnancy complications like infertility, miscarriage, pre‐eclampsia, and fetal growth restriction and death. Investigations on mechanisms and management of RSA are mired by substandard design and lack of optimal randomized clinical trials and have resulted in disagreement on guidelines for evaluation and treatments for patients with multiple pregnancy losses of unknown etiology. The present review focuses on evidence‐based research discussion with immunologic causes, and immune‐regulatory therapies recommended for helping patients with a history of RSA. We highlight data that might support revalidation of low molecular weight heparin as a protective therapy in RSA. Newly launched growth factors, GM‐CSF, and potentially novel agents to suppress inflammatory rejection, including regulatory T cells, human chorionic gonadotropin, and M‐CSF/IL‐10, may work in concert with tender‐loving‐care therapy and give hope to couples with multiple pregnancy losses.

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Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhances human embryo development to the blastocyst stage: a randomized study

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Supplementation in Culture Media for Subfertile Women Undergoing Assisted Reproduction Technologies: A Systematic Review

Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Supplementation in Culture Media for Subfertile Women Undergoing Assisted Reproduction Technologies: A Systematic Review

Soluble Ligands and Their Receptors in Human Embryo Development and Implantation

Multiple Pregnancy Failures: An Immunological Paradigm

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